The book has no strength, the female supporting role just wants to survive

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of cardiomyopathy characterized by enlargement of the left ventricle or both ventricles of the heart and systolic dysfunction. It has many causes, including infection, immune response, genetic disease, toxins, or metabolic disorders. In addition, the cause of some DCM is still unknown. The current incidence rate in my country is 13/10 to 84/10.

Symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy vary, mainly manifesting as heart failure, arrhythmia, sudden death, etc. In the early stage, there may be no symptoms or mild symptoms, but in the late stage of the disease, there will be obvious symptoms of heart failure. Patients will experience dyspnea during activities, paroxysmal dyspnea at night, decreased activity tolerance, etc., and may also include decreased appetite, abdominal distension and lower limb edema; when patients have pulmonary embolism, they may experience chest pain, hemoptysis and other symptoms.

The main treatment goal of dilated cardiomyopathy is to prevent the underlying disease from mediating myocardial damage, effectively control heart failure and arrhythmias, prevent sudden death and embolism, and improve the patient's quality of life and survival rate. Treatment methods include etiological treatment, drug treatment, surgical treatment, etc. Among them, surgical treatment includes heart transplantation and installation of heart assist devices. Patients need to maintain a healthy lifestyle, exercise appropriately, control their weight, and pay attention to rest.

The cause of most cases of dilated cardiomyopathy is unknown, but the known causes include infection, non-infectious inflammation, poisoning, endocrine and metabolic disorders, etc.

With the development of genetic testing in recent years, more and more cases of dilated cardiomyopathy have been identified as hereditary.

infection

Direct invasion of pathogens and the resulting inflammation and immune response are the main mechanisms causing myocardial damage.

Viral infection is the most common. Common viruses include: Coxsackie virus B, human enteric cytopathic orphan virus (ECHO), polio virus, influenza virus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), etc.

Some bacteria, fungi, rickettsiae and parasites can also cause myocardial damage and develop into dilated cardiomyopathy.

Inflammation

Myocardial biopsy shows inflammatory cell infiltration in allergic myocarditis, sarcoidosis, giant cell myocarditis, etc.

Dermatomyositis, polymyositis and other connective tissue diseases, such as systemic vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus, can cause acquired dilated cardiomyopathy.

Toxicity, endocrine and metabolic disorders

Long-term excessive drinking is one of the common causes of dilated cardiomyopathy in China.

Chemotherapeutic drugs and certain cardiotoxic drugs and chemicals.

Deficiency of certain vitamins and trace elements, such as selenium.

Endocrine diseases such as pheochromocytoma and thyroid disease.

genetics

It is mainly autosomal dominant inheritance, rarely X-chromosome-linked recessive inheritance and mitochondrial inheritance.

Currently, more than 30 chromosomal loci and 60 gene mutations have been found to be associated with familial dilated cardiomyopathy.

other factors

Other medical conditions may also accompany dilated cardiomyopathy, such as neuromuscular diseases.

Most cases of dilated myocarditis have an insidious onset and may be asymptomatic in the early stages.

Symptomatic patients may present with the following:

Difficulty breathing during activity and decreased exercise tolerance;

Symptoms of left ventricular dysfunction such as nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea and orthopnea;

Symptoms of right heart failure such as decreased appetite, abdominal distension, and lower limb edema;

Combined arrhythmia manifests as palpitations, dizziness, blackouts, and even sudden death;

Persistent refractory hypotension.