The book has no strength, the female supporting role just wants to survive

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic disease characterized by chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema with airflow obstruction, which can further develop into cor pulmonale and respiratory failure. It is related to abnormal inflammatory response to harmful gases and particles, and has high disability and mortality rates. The global incidence rate of people over 40 years old has reached 9% to 10%.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is progressive and is associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response of the airways and lungs to noxious particles or gases.

Airflow limitation and airway obstruction are the most important pathophysiological changes of COPD. The exact cause is still unclear, and it should be the result of the combined effects of endogenous factors (individual susceptibility factors) and exogenous factors (environmental factors). In most patients, COPD is often combined with other chronic diseases with obvious clinical symptoms, which increases the morbidity and mortality of COPD.

Currently, the most common and main cause of the disease is long-term smoking. In addition, long-term inhalation of occupational dust and chemical gases will also increase the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Genetic genes, age and gender, lung growth and development, socioeconomic status, asthma, chronic bronchitis, infection, etc. are also factors that affect the onset or exacerbation of COPD.

Genetic factors: There is a genetic susceptibility to COPD.

Age and gender: Age is a risk factor for COPD. The older you are, the higher the prevalence of COPD. Reports on the difference in COPD prevalence between men and women are inconsistent, but some literature reports that women are more sensitive to the harm of tobacco smoke.

Lung growth and development: Direct and indirect exposure to harmful factors during pregnancy, birth, and adolescence can affect lung growth. Poor lung growth and development is a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Bronchial asthma (abbreviated as asthma) and airway hyperresponsiveness: Asthma can not only coexist with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but is also a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Airway hyperresponsiveness is also involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Low body mass index: Low body mass index is also associated with the onset of COPD. The lower the body mass index, the higher the prevalence of COPD. Smoking and body mass index interact with COPD.

Smoking: Smoking is the main cause of COPD. The earlier the age of smoking, the longer the time, and the more cigarettes smoked per day, the higher the prevalence rate. Clinically, chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the most common diseases that cause COPD, and both diseases may be caused by smoking.

Fuel smoke: The smoke produced by fuels such as firewood, coal and animal dung contains a large amount of harmful components, such as carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and unburned hydrocarbon particles and polycyclic organic compounds.

(I hope that within three days, I can make up for all the previous chapters. I will definitely succeed! Come on, I am the best!!! o(╥﹏╥)o Cheer myself up and numb myself.)