After the whole sect traveled to ancient times, I led the rebellion

If disinfection can really reduce the casualties caused by bacterial infection, then it will be a great benefit to the people.

Besides alcohol, there were no antibiotics in this era.

Antibiotics, also known as antimicrobials, refer to a class of secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms or higher animals and plants in the course of their lives that have anti-pathogen or other activities.

Chemical substances that can interfere with the developmental functions of other living cells.

For example, penicillin produced by Penicillium and streptomycin produced by Streptomyces griseus are both antibiotics.

During World War II, penicillin was extracted and used as a medicine. It was a very important strategic material.

The English name of penicillin is Penicillin, which is transliterated as Penicillin.

During the Anti-Japanese War, China was short of medicine, and penicillin was even more precious than gold.

Penicillin is easier to extract than streptococcus.

Penicillin comes from molds such as Penicillium, which can be found on moldy oranges.

Mu Qing extracted Penicillium from moldy oranges, but the extraction itself was extremely difficult.

In addition, appropriate culture medium must be prepared to culture penicillin, and the culture environment has a great influence on penicillin.

Because the production of penicillin is so low, it is difficult to extract high-purity penicillin for identification.

In addition, penicillin is unstable and easily inactivated during the purification process.

The first pure penicillin was obtained by changing the culture conditions of Penicillium and optimizing the penicillin extraction process.

It is also difficult to distinguish Penicillium from surrounding flora.

It is difficult to distinguish penicillin from other bacteria simply by visual observation.

This is where a microscope comes in handy.

In order to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment, Mu Qing began to study the microscope.

Convex and concave lenses are successfully used in glasses and telescopes by polishing glass.

A microscope consists of a lens or a combination of lenses.

In order to extract penicillin and also for the future development of biology.

The work of polishing the glass returns to the adult fish.

Microscopes are divided into optical microscopes and electron microscopes.

There was no need to think about the electron microscope until Anping developed a generator.

An optical microscope consists of an optical part, an illumination part, and a mechanical part.

The optical part is the most important and consists of the eyepiece and the objective lens.

Both the eyepiece and the objective are convex lenses.

Mu Qing handed the design drawings of the two to Cheng Yu:

"I should need quite a few convex lenses."

"This is?"

"The picture shows the objective lens and eyepiece of a microscope."

"Okay, is that the microscope mentioned in the biology book?"

"Yes, it's used for Penicillium."

Cheng Yu didn't ask any more questions. It was obvious that Mu Qing's words touched upon an area that he didn't quite understand.

Before the biology class started at the prefectural society, Mu Qing not only gave several political classes to the officials of Anping in the meeting hall, but also had smaller classes in the evening.

The content of the small class is only open to government officials and researchers at the experimental base.

This includes relevant knowledge of biochemistry and physics.

The choice of small classes is very free. Those who want to learn new knowledge can go to the meeting hall to attend classes. If they are not interested in this, Mu Qing will not force them.

When an adult fish hears about penicillin, it knows that it is biological knowledge that he has not heard much about.

But it would not be wrong to leave the manufacture of microscopes to the Mohists.

The technology of grinding lenses of adult fish has become more and more sophisticated.

After Mu Qing handed over the principle of the optical microscope to Xu Yu, the first monocular microscope appeared in Anping ten days later.

Xu Yu handed the microscope to Mu Qing.

Wanqi Zixi and other disciples also participated in the production of the microscope.

"I had a batch of slides custom-made from a glass factory. I have to say that the person who first designed the microscope is a genius."

This was the first time Mu Qing saw Xu Yu no longer being lazy.

Wanqi Zixi followed Mu Qing's lead:

"This microscope can really see tiny things clearly."

"nature."

Mu Qing used tweezers to tear open the onion skin and spread it on a glass slide dripped with water. He then dripped a simply prepared dye on the other side of the glass slide to allow it to slowly soak in.

"Look here. This is the cell structure of the onion's epidermis."

One of the structures of an optical microscope is the lighting structure, but this world did not have electricity, and naturally there was no spotlight, so it was only possible to observe with a single eye.

So this microscope is different from a microscope with a spotlight.

It requires a mirror to reflect ambient light into the condenser.

When using it, Mu Qing must flip the microscope outward so that the objective lens in the light path will not be blocked by other objective lenses.

You also need to tilt your head to adjust when looking at the magnification.

Modern optical microscopes do not have this problem.

The objective lenses of microscopes at that time were tilted inward, so the magnification could be seen at a glance and there was no need to tilt the head.

Wanqi Zixi closed one eye and looked down through the lens of the microscope with the other eye.

!!!

I can actually see the subtle structure.

Wanqi Ziye seemed unconvinced and moved closer.

The microscope was invented by Xu Yu. He had already looked at the cell structure of onions eight hundred times, but every time he looked at it, he still felt novel.

Wanqi Ziye also came closer, and when he really saw the microscopic details, he couldn't help but sigh:

"This little thing has this structure when enlarged. It's magical, really magical."

He blinked his eyes, as if he had obtained some beloved treasure, and was unwilling to leave the microscope.

He did not leave the microscope until the Mohist disciple next to him urged him to do so.

Wanqi Ziye came to Xu Yu. When he thought of such a magical microscope, his heart was burning with excitement and his desire to explore the microscopic world reached its peak.

"Brother Xu, please make one for me too."

"Don't do it."

"I'm not letting you do it for nothing, I'm paying for it."

Xu Yu glanced at Wanqi Ziye lazily:

"Don't do it, it's boring."

"Please, Brother Xu!"

Wanqi Ziye became very interested in the microscope as soon as he saw it.

Mu Qing also noticed that all the Mohist disciples present seemed reluctant to leave after seeing the microscopic world.

Xu Yu was annoyed by Wanqi Ziye:

"Go find your Senior Brother Cheng. He's the one who grinds the lenses."

Adult fish: "Don't look for me, I don't understand the principle."

Mu Qing looked at Wanqi Ziye's eyes, the desire almost jumping out of his sockets, and thought for a moment.

Even Wanqi Ziye, who had seen all kinds of things in the world, was fascinated by the microscope.

It seems that microscopes are not only used in biology, but there should also be a market for selling them to wealthy and powerful people.

Mu Qing silently made up his mind that once the microscope could be mass-produced, he could sell it to wealthy people and make a fortune.

There is only one optical microscope in Anping at present, and it is extremely precious. Mu Qing calmly moved it into the biological laboratory.

The subsequent identification and extraction of penicillin finally had a suitable machine.