After the whole sect traveled to ancient times, I led the rebellion

In medicine, alcohol is mainly used for skin disinfection. It can quickly kill a variety of bacteria and fungi, but is ineffective against spores and hepatitis viruses.

70%-75% alcohol has the strongest sterilization effect.

One important reason why Mu Qing needed alcohol was that many people died from knife wounds on the battlefield due to wound infection. If the suture tools were contaminated with bacteria, it might aggravate the deterioration of the wound.

Aseptic technique is essential when performing surgical operations.

Hand disinfection means hand disinfection, and the disinfection of instruments such as needles, threads, scalpels and other surgical instruments is also extremely critical.

By the way, except for using alcohol in surgical operations.

Since alcohol is volatile, using alcohol for a bath can take away the temperature of the body surface, thereby having a fever-reducing effect.

Alcohol can also be used to reduce fever caused by wound infection.

Alcohol is mainly produced by fermentation.

Mu Qing has tried to use starchy raw materials such as molasses, rye and so on to ferment and prepare it.

Cassava is not available at the moment.

The principle of alcohol preparation is that potatoes are heat-pretreated and then α-amylase is added to release the starch components from the raw material cells. The starch components are then expanded and gelatinized to decompose them into dextrins and oligosaccharides.

The liquefied product can be completely hydrolyzed into glucose using saccharifying enzymes.

The glucose is then converted into alcohol using alcohol yeast and then distilled.

In the industry, alcohol is generally produced by starch fermentation or olefins catalysis.

This time, Mu Qing pulled Shen Moyan and Jiang Ji together and decided to get the alcohol out in one go.

As a result, Wanqi Ziye could see Mu Qing steaming sorghum in a big pot every day at the base these days.

Wanqi Ziye took a look and followed in confusion.

"Master Mu, are you brewing wine?"

"Yes and no."

Mu Qing crushed the koji into pieces and added them into the wine grains in the ratio of 0.5 and 10 respectively and mixed them.

Mu Qing tried other proportions one by one.

Mu Qingguang spent a long time these days preparing to make wine with grain again.

Wanqi Ziye got a vague answer, but he didn't take it too seriously.

"My family runs a winery, so I have some experience in winemaking."

He raised his head proudly:

"Hey, do you need my help?"

Mu Qing was stunned. She remembered that this guy's father was Bei Mingzi.

"Isn't your father Juzi of the Mohist School? How come he opened a winery?"

"The old man loves to drink, so just open it. What's wrong with Mo's Juzi? It's just opening a winery. Look at how ignorant you are."

Wanqi Ziye took the wine from Mu Qing's hand:

"This is how the yeast should be added. Let me do it."

With the help of Wanqi Ziye, who was a little more knowledgeable, Mu Qing had a better idea of ​​what was going on.

Add 100 liang to 5 jin of distiller's yeast to jin of cooked grain.

Put it into a sealed container sterilized with boiling water for fermentation.

The grain that has been fermented for ten days already contains alcohol and other ingredients.

“This is the fermented grain.”

Although Wanqi Ziye didn't know what Mu Qing was going to use the wine for, thinking of the New Year's money and candies he received, he worked hard for several days and finally made the wine.

The alcohol content of the mash is only 10%.

Mu Qing put the mash into a distillation flask for distillation, and used steam to remove the alcohol in the mash for purification and condensation.

Only Mu Qing, Shen Moyan and Jiang Ji were present during the following steps.

In order to speed things up, the distillation process, purification process, and condensation process that required temperature control, as well as the use of techniques to directly transfer steam, were all skipped in one step.

In the end, Mu Qing obtained a mixed solution of alcohol, water and other trace ingredients.

Wine is divided into head and body.

The first liquid to flow out is the head, which can contain up to 70% alcohol, but also contains some harmful substances such as methanol.

The middle part of the wine is the body of the wine, which is exactly what Mu Qing needs.

The alcohol content of the wine is about 65%, and it is pure grain wine.

At this time the alcohol content is still less than 70 percent.

The alcohol is purified again by distillation.

Alcohol and water have different boiling points, and about three distillations can produce alcohol with a purity of 95%.

Then you just need to dilute the 95% alcohol to 75% with distilled water to get alcohol with disinfecting effect.

Mu Qing didn't produce much alcohol the first time.

There is still a lot of mash.

There were only two sets of distillation equipment in the laboratory. Mu Qing asked Shen Moyan to make several sets of equipment with glass according to the distillation device overnight.

Glass can be formed into different shapes by heating it at high temperatures.

There were no highly skilled colored glass craftsmen in Shengjing at the beginning, and when experimenting with colored glass, Shen Moyan had to rely on using the Fire Spirit Technique to heat and mold the colored glass ornaments with his bare hands.

I have to say that the senior brother's craftsmanship has improved.

Jiang Ji was naturally not spared.

It is said that asking my senior brother to help with the work has indeed improved our efficiency a lot.

Mu Qing compiled his experience in making alcohol into a detailed SOP and distributed a copy to all the farm students in the chemistry laboratory.

Came to the laboratory with dozens of sets of chemical equipment.

Thus, a crude small alcohol workshop was born.

Of course, the alcohol produced will undergo clinical trials before it can be truly used in medicine.

Large bottles of alcohol in glass containers were being sent to the clinic where Li Min was working.

After not seeing Li Min for several days, Mu Qing noticed that Li Min had become thinner when he saw him again.

!

I don't think he was tortured by the medical books.

Mu Qing put down the alcohol guiltily.

Immediately afterwards, Mu Qing received a resentful look from Wei Jiu.

Wei Jiu's eyes were always filled with sorrow, and Mu Qing couldn't hide from it, so she could only ask:

"Li Si, you..."

Wei Jiu saw Mu Qing paying attention to him, maybe he finally met someone who could make the decision, he usually kept silent but suddenly spoke a lot:

"The people's daily routines have been disrupted and their diets have not been normal."

"Call me Master!"

"Yes."

Wei Jiuyi filed a complaint, and Li Min's eyes became vague.

Mu Qing instantly understood what Wei Jiu meant.

Wow, these guys are all so strong. Mu Qing didn’t expect that even Li Min would fight so hard.

It seems that there will be another person to be supervised.

Mu Qing said that he would strictly supervise Li Min's daily routine, and Wei Jiu was relieved.

The alcohol was sealed in a bottle. As soon as Mu Qing put it on the table, Li Min saw the words on the bottle.

“Is this alcohol?”

"Well, it's about 75% medical alcohol. You can use this to disinfect scalpels and suture needles and threads."

In fact, ancient people had the awareness of disinfection.

For example, "Lüshi Chunqiu" records "nine boilings and nine degrees", advocating drinking boiled water; Jia Sixie mentioned using dogwood leaves to disinfect well water in "Qimin Yaoshu";

Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" also records that "When there is an epidemic, take out the patient's clothes and steam them in a steamer, then the whole family will not be infected."

These descriptions of disinfection methods were also recorded in the Tianchi Dynasty.

Li Min knew the importance of disinfection, but the concept of disinfection was a bit vague to him. It was not until he read the medical book brought by Mu Qing that he fully understood the meaning of disinfection.

He looked at the alcohol with shining eyes, and it was time to start experimenting.