Back to the Republic of China to be a editor

"Very well, assuming that there are a thousand conscripts in the Moscow State Army, then all the information of these soldiers is now in this computer. Of course, comrades in the military service department may not think so. I use paper and pen to count the 1000 people. It's just a box or two of files. But what do you do if you want to find soldiers who are about to be discharged after three years of service? If you want to find all soldiers whose origin is in Kolom, Moscow Oblast, what do you do? ?”

Tang Hua continued to input commands on the keyboard, and the three-line display screen moved quickly, showing that the data processing was completed after a while.

"It might have taken a day's work for the archives department to go through it, and it's done now. Not only is it done, but we can see it right away."

The array printer started beeping.This thing... must be sold separately.A punched tape machine can be included.

A page of information about soldiers who enlisted in 4801 and their area code of origin was 1472 was typed out.

Then, Tang Hua recalled a template of an official document from the data stored in the computer, removed the paper tape from the dot matrix printer, replaced it with special wax paper, and started printing. A sheet of white dotted wax paper.This kind of wax paper is fed into the mimeograph machine, and simple prints of decent quality can be printed.

Tang Hua took these two pieces of paper—a note and a wax paper—to the audience and asked them to pass them on to each other.

The most primitive business/administrative use computer, so be it...

Should be enough.

Tang Hua remembers that the UNIVAC-1 is simpler than this one. Not only is the machine made of vacuum tubes, it weighs 7.6 tons, measures 4.3X2.4X2.6 meters, and only has 1K memory.Fortunately, there is a 224KB tape drive.The key is that UNIVAC-1 does not have a printer yet.Just like this machine, Remington Rand dared to sell it for 15.7 US dollars. After it was released, because it was so popular, the price was increased to 100 million US dollars (of course, some peripherals were added while the subsequent batches increased in price) .The U.S. Census Bureau purchased UNIVAC-1 in batches, and it took more than ten years to replace them.Of course, the most famous incident of UNIVAC-1 is that CBS used a UNIVAC-1 to conduct voter propensity statistics. After collecting a large enough sample data and then processing and transforming it, the output results proved that Eisenhower would win the presidential election. At that time, almost all polls were Think Eisenhower will pounce.

Finally, the results of the general election came out, and Eisenhower won, and UNIVAC-1 became famous in one fell swoop.

After the demonstration, Tang Hua faced a lot of questions from the audience.Officials from various departments have their own problems.

What is the biggest difference between an administrative computer and a research computer?Users of the former generally do not have the ability to program themselves.Computers sold to Soviet universities and research institutes now come with a manual (computer use guide and programming guide). If they want to calculate something, they can program it by themselves, or they can select a senior student or graduate student from the university to do computer management. staff dedicated to programming.

In government departments, probably not.

So, you have to pre-develop all kinds of different -- software for them.And because the internal storage capacity of the current computer is too limited, if you want a computer to perform different functions, the software must be stored outside the computer in other ways to become a generalist.

It is both a business opportunity and an increase in workload.

Tang Hua pondered, should the computer institute be split into a hardware institute and a software institute?This is a big problem.

……

Laser Physics Conference of Moscow State University.

Landau had a meeting on the first day, and Tang Hua left halfway.When I came back to the venue on the fourth day, I found that Tang Hua was still slipping away.

"Academician Tang Hua...is promoting the T51 computer he developed at a special publicity meeting for the leaders of the Ministerial Council today." Zhao Zhongyao said.

"This mercenary businessman! Is his goal in life just to make money?" Landau said angrily.

After leaving the conference hall, Landau called the driver of the physics department over, got in the car and went straight to find someone.

Chapter 118, give you a laser

T51新品发布会结束，除了1月1号到20号的7台T50的订单升级为T51，唐华在现场收到了十几台的订单。

By counting, I earned more than 1000 million rubles in just one meeting.

Just as Tang Hua was secretly delighted, a tall, thin man walked into the meeting room, with a long horse face and hair as messy as a bird's nest.

Lev Landau, no doubt.

"Hello, Tang Hua."

"Hello, Mr. Landau." Tang Hua shook hands with Landau, "I saw your photo in a magazine."

"For the laser experiment report meeting, you only participated in half of the session on the first day." Landau called the laser physics meeting an experiment report meeting.

"As stated in the paper's signature, I am the third author. The main work of discovering and inventing lasers was carried out by Zhao and Qian. I just assisted in participating or driving them to conduct research." Tang Hua said with a smile, "As we all know, I am the director of the China Electronics and Information Industry Bureau, and it is very reasonable to propose a project to Qian and Zhao from the needs of industrial technology."

"That's not what Qian and Zhao said when they were discussing with me." Lang Dao looked at Tang Hua, and squinted at the new computer product launch booth that hadn't been removed yet.

"By the way, I have supplemented the previously published papers and published them separately by the Institute of Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences. I just printed out the separate editions when I arrived in Moscow. I will send you a copy." Tang Hua took out a collection of not too thick papers, Passed both hands to Landau.

The information theory formula was published for the first time in November 1946. At that time, Tang Hua had not yet learned Russian, so he wrote the English and Chinese versions himself, and commissioned comrades in the Liaison Office to translate them into Russian.This time all three versions are do-it-yourself.

A paper published by Tang Hua in 1946 titled

"A Mathematical Theory of Communication", a mathematical theory of communication.

It was published as a single line in 1951, and Tang Hua changed the title of the book by one word:

"The Mathematical Theory of Communication", the mathematical theory of communication.

Sure enough, when Landau saw the title of the book cover, the muscles on his face twitched involuntarily.

hiss……

Tang Hua's level of fart should be about the same as that of Lang Dao...

After a while, Landau's expression returned to normal.

"At the 1946 meeting, I heard that there was a discussion on 'whether information entropy and entropy can be converted into each other'." Landau said, "The direction of this discussion is meaningless. Information entropy is entropy, or thermodynamic entropy is an application of entropy."

"I have also thought about this. In traditional thermodynamics, entropy is defined as the macroscopic measurement of the system, and does not involve probability distribution, and probability distribution is the core definition of information entropy. In fact, information entropy is the uncertainty of describing information , microscopic particles are also a kind of uncertain existence, and the thermodynamic entropy is interpreted as proportional to the amount of further information required to define the microstate details of the system..."

"So Maxwell's demon didn't bring paradox, right?" Landau snatched Tang Hua's words, "Maxwell's demon just uses the state information of each molecule to reduce the thermodynamic entropy, so that the goblin can perform its duty itself—even if it's just Knowing and storing information about the initial T of each molecule—then this brings about an increase in the thermodynamic entropy of the system, so that overall, the total amount of entropy of the system does not decrease.”

Tang Hua: ... (smiling and nodding).

Tang Hua started with Jaynes and Randall's deduction on information entropy, and Randall finished.

"Tang Hua, you seem to have dabbled in the latest papers in many fields, although you haven't studied them deeply enough. Have you learned about quantum mechanics and condensed matter physics?"

No, these studies are based on two books, one is called University Physics, and the other is called University Physics.Tang Hua thought so in his heart, but he still said:

"Quantum mechanics has read the papers of William Shockley and John Bardeen. Their research on semiconductors and their transistor effects in the papers published in the "Physical Review" is the theoretical basis for the development of transistors for T50 and T51 computers."

"William Shockley? It seems to have an impression. He also published some basic papers on solid-state physics in the "Physical Review", but most of them were achieved 10 years ago."

"Both of them were engineers at Bell Labs. During World War II, Bell Labs focused on the development of radar, electromagnetic fuze, and anti-submarine sonar, so it seemed to the outside world that their research on basic physics was suspended in those years."

"When war comes, we are all involved. Physicists improve radar amplifiers, put fuzes in shells, or design the size of each uranium block..."

Landau fell into silence halfway through his speech.

Landau was involved, though not very actively, in the Soviet atomic bomb program.

In 1946, when the Soviet Union's atomic bomb program was launched, he invented a grid approximation numerical solution method for differential equations.It is said that he worked it out in an afternoon, and then continued to play with his quantum mechanics and condensed matter physics.

The results of this afternoon's tinkering helped the Soviet atomic bomb program a lot, as you can see from the rewards Landau received for this.Just because of this page, he successively won the Stalin Medal, Lenin Medal, Hero of Socialist Labor...

"The United States successfully developed the atomic bomb. When deciding whether to drop it on Japan, William Shockley said something like this." Tang Hua said, "'If Japan's resistance is consistent with our estimate based on the country's previous tenacity , Occupying Japan would cost the U.S. between 170 million and 400 million casualties, of which 40 to 80 would die.' So, Shockley resolutely voted for it."

William Shockley is not only a top physicist (although Landau may score him a 4), but also a rich man who has started his own company, and he has a lot of martial arts. In the 50s, he flew solo from Bell Labs to run a company, and made a lot of money in the semiconductor industry. He has been in the entertainment industry and high society all the year round, and even scolded black people for having low IQ when he became inflated.The above passage is actually his testimony in the internal hearing, and it was revealed by Xiao Keli when he was interviewed by "Playboy" more than ten years later.