Horses also spread to South America through the Isthmus of Panama.
By about 20,000 years ago at the latest, horses were completely extinct in North America, and even earlier in South America.
By this time, humans had left Africa and began to interact with horses upright.
Horses are herbivorous and are superior to humans in both strength and speed. As the overlords of the new world, humans naturally developed the desire to domesticate them.
Thus, horses and humans entered people's lives through a symbiotic relationship.
The history of transportation, warfare, and horse racing began to evolve.
In the steppes of western Eurasia, perhaps at the moment of killing horses or eating horse meat, the ancestors here felt compassion and took in orphaned foals and fed them.
6000 years ago, Central Asians learned to continue obtaining wild horses (also known as Taiban horses) from the wild, crossbreeding them with the "domestic horses" they had previously captured, and expanding their horse populations.
Three or four thousand years ago, in addition to eating horse meat and drinking horse milk, these people also became the first people to use horses, using them for farming, riding them, and even using them in wars.
In the West, horses also played an important role in history before modern times.
Horses are the essential foundation of the European medieval chivalry system and its derived culture. Through the Crusades that began in the late 11th century, the knights' bravery and fighting skills were combined with the sacredness of religious beliefs.
The cry of the protagonist in Shakespeare's famous play Richard III when he was defeated and at his wit's end, "A Horse!" can be regarded as an accurate summary of the importance of horses.
However, in modern times, Ma's family began to develop towards two extremes.
The first group, led by domestic horses, continues to inherit the functions and cultural values that humans have endowed them with throughout history, and has developed in a deeper and more advanced direction, such as today's horse breeding, equestrian sports, and ponies as pets.
Chapter 2 Horse Racing History
The history of horse racing can be traced back to 1500 BC, with descriptions of chariot races appearing as early as Homer's epic poems.
The ancient Romans used horses for transportation and enjoyed horse racing. For the ancient Romans, horse racing was already a daily entertainment activity.
Then, in 680 BC, at the 25th ancient Olympic Games, the "first" equestrian events appeared, namely "four-chariot racing" and "two-chariot racing". After several decades of changes, they became "rider-driven" forms.
According to research, the winner of the chariot race at the 96th ancient Olympic Games was a princess from the Kingdom of Sparta named Cynisca.
She disguised herself as a man and became the first female champion of an equestrian competition.
By 1174 AD, horse racing began to appear in London, England.
As time went by, Arabian horses gradually and rapidly spread to the European continent. Equestrianism in the modern sense was particularly popular among the royal families and aristocrats of the European continent at that time, and horse racing also flourished.
In the Middle Ages, European nobles pursued the ancient spirit of chivalry, so horse racing was naturally something they showed off.
Even the then King Charles II participated in horse racing in person.
It can be said that modern equestrianism originated in England in the 16th century.
In the UK, equestrianism is a sport that represents a person's status.
Equestrianism is also deeply loved by the British royal family.
Many royal families have achieved excellent results in large-scale equestrian competitions.
Princess Anne, daughter of Queen Elizabeth, won the individual title at the European Equestrian Championships in Bocelli.
Zara Phillips, the Queen's granddaughter, won an Olympic medal at the 2012 London Idol Games, becoming the second equestrian princess after Princess Anne.
The Thoroughbred Horse was first developed between the 17th and 18th centuries AD.
According to the genealogy of thoroughbred horses, at that time Britain introduced more than 100 stallions from the Middle East, including Arabian horses, Bab horses, Turkish horses, etc., to breed with local British mares. The foals obtained from the breeding were recognized as the first generation of thoroughbred horses.
The bloodlines of all the purebred horses in the world today can be traced back to three Arabian stallions, and these three horses are therefore called the three ancestors.
In 1764, Eclipse, the great-great-grandson of Darley Arabian, one of the three great ancestral horses, once had a terrifying race of pulling two hundred feet in the second move. He won 18 of 18 races in his career without a single defeat.
Secretariat, the greatest racehorse in the United States to date, one of the Triple Crown winners, and the record holder for the 2400 in the dirt track, which, if I remember correctly, was 2 minutes 24 seconds, pulled sham by 9 lengths in that race.
Northern Flavor, a major bloodline contributor to the previous SS line of Japanese racing horses, has excellent stallion performance.
Saddler's Well, the European super stallion king, Good Opera is from this line and has produced many excellent foals.
It was quiet on Sunday. After the fall of the Mejiro family, the ancestor of modern Japanese horse racing, Japan basically only had the SS line, and the northern-style bloodline basically disappeared. The horses had excellent competition results and the stallion results were terrifying. Most of the famous horses known to people, such as Special Week, Silent Suzuka, and Great Shock, were all foals from SS.
Chapter 3 One of the Three Aristocratic Sports - Horse Racing
In the West, horse racing is known as the sport of kings. It is a long-standing and expensive hobby and one of the three "noble sports".
Not only do the contestants have to dress up, but the audience also needs to wear formal attire or dresses.
Because of this, the clubs that host horse racing events have become social stages for celebrities.
Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom is the best spokesperson for this event.
Queen Elizabeth II's horseback experience began at the age of three, and she rode for the first time in the Buckingham Palace stables in January 1930.
Her grandfather, King George V, gave her a Shetland pony for her fourth birthday, and as a child the Queen had her first foal, which she named Peggy.
At the age of 6, she started riding Peggy and playing on the grass.
The Queen is passionate about riding, racing and raising horses. So far, she has more than 180 horses, ranging from Highland ponies to thoroughbreds.
Whenever the Queen attends Trooping the Colour ceremony, she always rides on horseback and makes a heroic appearance.
Today, the media still often photographs her wearing a windbreaker and a headscarf, riding a horse leisurely on the lawn. Her love for horses continues to this day when she is 92 years old.
Australia has a history of just over 200 years, but its horse racing history dates back to 1810, when the first well-known horse racing event in Australian history was held in Sydney Hyde Park.
Melbourne Cup is the most famous horse racing event in Australia, with a tradition of nearly 150 years.
Originally, Maasai was not used for gambling, but more like an adventure or sporting activity.
The first race began in 1861, with 17 horses participating and a distance of 786 kilometers. Two horses collapsed and died due to exhaustion during the race.
The race has never been interrupted in the past 150 years, even during the Great Depression and World War. The full name of the program is "Melbourne Cup Day".
The horse race, actually called the Melbourne Cup, was only the seventh of ten horse races that day.
At the same time, few sports can create and provide so many jobs and employment opportunities like horse racing, the most typical of which are jockeys, trainers and bookmakers. In Australia, there are more than 20 people who use their wisdom and abilities in the horse racing industry.
Overall, horse racing is a very popular and exciting pastime for Australians.
Chapter 4: The Most Beautiful Racecourse in the World - Chantilly
In 1776, France held its first horse race. However, as it was on the eve of the French Revolution, society was in turmoil and the poor people were not interested in horse racing, the event had limited impact.
In the early 19th century, Napoleon advocated the promotion of horse racing, holding group competitions across France and the Paris finals.
Soon, French and British aristocrats jointly launched the horse racing sport, France established the first horse racing association, and built a horse racing training base in Chantilly, a suburb of Paris (which is still the horse racing center of France and its influence extends to Europe and the United States).
Since then, horse racing has gradually become a gathering place for royal families and aristocrats.
In 1863, Napoleon III established the Prix de Paris, which further boosted the popularity of horse racing. It is the predecessor of the world-famous French horse racing award, the Prix de la Arc de Triomphe.
The name Chantilly evokes images of castles, forests, racecourses and, in short, the world of horses.
The Duke of Aumale, son of Louis-Philippe of Orleans, named the castle after his surname, and the beautiful scenery and collections of Chantilly Castle made it one of the famous tourist attractions in France.
A big difference between this castle and other castles in Europe is that other castles are generally built on high ground, while this castle is built on a low ground, surrounded by lakes. Looking around, apart from the stables, there are green meadows and forests. The Chantilly Castle has been owned by the family from the 14th to the 19th century and has never changed hands.
Today, let's take a quick look at this ancient castle that looks as beautiful as if it came out of a painting.
From the moment it was built, the Château de Chantilly was stunningly beautiful and captivated everyone.
The most interesting thing is that foodies will find that the name of the castle "Chantilly" is the same as a kind of French cream.
Indeed! The Duke of Conti’s chef, Vatel, invented a type of whipped cream, or “cream au chocolat”, which became the name of the castle.
This small town located in the northern suburbs of Paris gives people the feeling that its famous product "whipped cream" is as delicate and sweet, but it is also a famous equestrian center in France.
Thun was once a racecourse for French nobility, used for horse racing and equestrian shows.
This tradition is still maintained here today and it is known as the most beautiful landscape for horse racing in the world.
The castle is next to the racecourse, and you can occasionally see horse riders strolling there.
The most charming French garden was designed by the famous architect Le Notre himself.
He arranged lakes, rivers, fountains, trees and lawns on a grand central axis, and integrated them into one, giving the overall feeling fresh and bright.
The landscaping in the garden is mainly based on geometric symmetry and sculptures.
The collection of Chantilly Castle is famous in France and is the most worth seeing part of the castle.
The former owner of the castle, Duke Conti, was a great collector of paintings.
The walls are covered with precious paintings and sketches by Clouet and his son, as well as works by Raphael, Botticelli and others, and small paintings from the 15th century.
Chapter 5 Horse Racing Updates Around the World
The traditional horse racing hotspot in the United States is the Kentucky Derby, which, along with the Priligy Stakes and the Belmont Stakes, forms the American Triple Crown for three-year-old horses.
However, the Breeders' Cup, held at the end of the year, has challenged the Triple Crown at the beginning of the year, becoming the final winner of the three-year-old horse race. They also have a significant impact on the selection of other annual champions.
The corresponding standard horse racing competition is the Breeders' Crown. There is also a Triple Crown for Pacers and Horse Racing.
In Australia, horse racing events such as the Melbourne Cup have been very successful and have attracted many international organizations to join.
Britain is the birthplace of modern horse racing. Its most important races include the British Triple Crown, a series of races exclusively for three-year-olds: the 3 Guineas, the Epsom Derby, and the St. Leger's. Other major championships include the King's Stakes, the Champions Stakes, and the July Cup.
As for obstacle races, the British Grand Prix is the most eye-catching.
Since Ireland's separation from the United Kingdom, it has maintained close ties with the UK, with jockeys and trainers' performances calculated for both the UK and Ireland combined. Many famous jockeys and trainers are based in Ireland, including Jin Neng, Modi, and Yue Boren.
Influenced by its neighboring country, Britain, France began to prosper in the 19th century. In terms of flat track racing, the race with the highest prize money was the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, the steeplechase was the Prix de Paris, and the chariot race was the Prix des Américas.
Horse racing prize money in Germany is lower than in the UK, France and Ireland. The highest-paying flat race is the German Derby. Another important flat race, the Baden Race, also attracts horses from neighboring European countries.
The Palio Siena is a famous horse racing festival in Italy. Although horse racing is not a mainstream sport in Italy, it has produced outstanding horses in flat racing and carriage racing, making it well-known in the horse racing world.
In Denmark, Norway and Sweden, horse and chariot racing is the main form of sport.
China once had horse racing, and there were Jockey Clubs in Beijing and Guangzhou, but they were banned by the government because they involved gambling.
There is currently horse racing in Wuhan, which is carried out in the form of clubs.
There are two racecourses in Hong Kong, one is Sha Tin Racecourse and the other is Happy Valley Racecourse on Hong Kong Island.
Horse racing is not held every day, but at specific seasons and times. For example, the races at Sha Tin Racecourse are usually held on Sunday afternoons, which are called "day races", or the races at Happy Valley Racecourse are held on Wednesday evenings, which are called "night races".
There is a record of pony races across Areia Preta in Macau.
Horse racing was developed in the 1970s, but was replaced by flat racing in the 1980s due to management problems.
After the funding stabilized in the early 1990s, horse racing was officially developed.
In 2004, an inter-city race was held with the Hong Kong Jockey Club, giving horses from both places the opportunity to compete at overseas racecourses.
The Singapore Athletic Association was established in 1843 and renamed the Singapore Turf Club in 1927.
It joined the Singapore Racing Union in 1896 and remained a member even after Singapore's independence.
In 2000, the international event Singapore Airlines International Cup was held.
The Dubai World Cup is the highest-paying horse racing event in the UAE.
Due to local regulations, gambling is not allowed.
After Japan opened its ports, horse racing also developed. In the 1950s, the Japan Racing Association was established. It now has ten racecourses. In 1980, the Japan Cup was established. It is the highest-paying race in Japan and gives Japanese horses the opportunity to compete with foreign horses in Japan.
Another horse racing association in Japan is the National Local Racing Association, which organizes local competitions and is of a lower standard than the Japan Central Racing Association.
Japan has the highest purse flat racing system in the world.
In addition, Hokkaido also has Banei horse racing, which is unique to Japan.
The Korea Racing Association was established in 1954 and initially developed horse racing in Seoul.
A local pony race was held in Jeju in the 1990s.
In 2005, the Busan Racecourse was added, and in the same year, seven of its events were included in the third part of the International Races Editorial Committee.
Horse racing events are also held in African countries such as South Africa and Mauritius.
There are horse racing events in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Paraguay in South America. There is also a horse breeding industry locally. Many horses are shipped to the United States to compete and perform well.
Chapter 6 A little digression
Horse racing is actually not as dirty as you think.
I can't understand why it is so popular all over the world, and even the Queen of England is taking the lead. How come in the eyes of some people it has become an unforgivable gambling?
It should be because there are privately run gambling dens, which are illegal.
This situation is particularly serious in our country, which is why horse racing cannot develop in China.
There was horse racing in the past, but it was closed down because some people set up private gambling games.
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