The War of Resistance: My Expedition, My Country

The establishment of the South China Republic marked the beginning of Southeast Asia's independence. In October of the same year, the Netherlands, unable to hold out, reached a compromise with Indonesian resistance forces, agreeing to democratic self-determination after gaining certain benefits. In November, representatives from various Indonesian factions convened a political consultative conference in Jakarta. Representatives from the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union attended. All parties, along with their representatives, thwarted Sukarno's original plan to establish a unified Indonesian Republic.

Sukarno was a leader of the Indonesian independence movement and is known as the "Father of Indonesia." Born in 1901, he received a Western education early in his life and was deeply influenced by nationalist ideas. Sukarno actively participated in the Indonesian independence movement, leading the Indonesian people in a protracted struggle against Dutch colonial rule. He proposed a political philosophy combining nationalism, Islam, and Marxism, attempting to unite disparate political forces in the struggle for national independence.

However, the Javanese Chinese Independence Federation, led by Wang Chengwu, the Nusa Tenggara National Autonomous Organization, led by Lokija, and the Samans Tribal Confederation in southern Kalimantan, among others, explicitly oppose the establishment of a unified Indonesia. The reason is simple. The word "Indonesia" did not originally belong to the local ethnic groups; it was a term used by the colonizers. Furthermore, Indonesia comprises hundreds of ethnic groups, large and small, such as the Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese, and Malay. The Sundanese are primarily found in western Java and Sumatra, the Javanese are concentrated in southeastern Java and the Nusa Tenggara Islands, the Madurese are primarily found in Madura, and the Malays are primarily found in Kalimantan. Furthermore, Indonesia also has numerous other ethnic groups, each with its own unique culture and traditions. These groups were scattered across various islands, and the colonizers forcibly merged them to form the so-called East Indonesia.

At this time, the Chinese were the most powerful force on Java, the most economically developed island of the former Dutch East Indies. Sukarno inherited the framework and institutions left by the Dutch colonial government, including the colonial armed forces. However, the Chinese armed forces, backed by the United States, became the largest armed force in the region. With the tacit approval of the Dutch colonial government, they occupied central and eastern Java, expelling the majority of the Javanese from the area. The eastern Javanese eventually reached an agreement with the Chinese, under which both sides planned to expel all other non-Javanese ethnic groups from the island.

Although Sukarno was ethnic Javanese, he was not recognized by the East Javanese. Instead, he was highly respected by the Sundanese of Sumatra. Therefore, the West Javanese and Sundanese formed the so-called Indonesian Mainland, but their attempt to unify Dutch East Indonesia seemed unlikely.

Originally the territory of the Malays, Southeast Asia's largest ethnic group, the island of Kalimantan was divided into East Malay and Indonesian regions by colonial rule. This long period of division created distinct ethnic groups. Coupled with the rise of the Samans Tribal Confederation in the Dutch colonies, the Malays were forced to join the Samans Tribal Confederation and would certainly not agree to join Sukarno's Indonesia. The Madurese people, not only suffered massacres at the hands of the Dutch colonists but also shared a sworn feud with the Javanese and Malays, and would not join a nation they were so hostile to.

Under the instructions of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union, the eastern Indonesian region had actually been divided up by the major powers before the Dutch evacuated. However, the only ones who appeared were the spokespersons.

In March 1950, more than a dozen governments of varying sizes emerged simultaneously in East Indonesia, each recognized by a different major power. Later, to avoid war, the four major powers of the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain, and China jointly issued the East Indonesia Declaration, declaring their recognition of the legitimacy of each state's independence. Thus, East India was officially divided.

In the same year, British India also gained independence peacefully. Before independence, the British set a trap and forcibly separated the areas of Hindus and Muslims. In this way, two larger countries, India and Pakistan, emerged in the Indian subcontinent.

In this time and space, the Flower Planters certainly wouldn't give India the chance to unify the Indian subcontinent. Some indigenous Indian chiefs, secretly supported by the Flower Planters and other forces, followed the example of East Indonesia and pursued independence. These chiefdoms tore India apart into a series of states within states, large and small.

The Middle East, once a stronghold of Islam, was plunged into chaos by sectarian strife. After the United States and Britain abandoned their colonial ambitions, various nations nominally gained independence. Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, and other nations all achieved independence. However, a strange phenomenon unfolded in Palestine. Judah returned, establishing the State of Israel and separating it from the Palestinians. However, for the various Islamic factions in the Middle East, this return of their sworn enemy to seize their territory was unacceptable. Thus began the Middle East War.

The establishment of the State of Judah was supported by major powers such as the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union. Therefore, despite strong opposition from the Arabs, they were unable to stop it. The Palestinian people could only stop them from building settlements, but the increasing number of Jews immigrating from various European countries led to increasing conflicts with the local people.

The conflict between the two ethnic groups was irreconcilable. When it reached a critical point, it eventually led to war.

The first Middle East War was launched by the five Arab League countries (ALS), namely Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon, with more than 5 troops dispatched to attack Israel.

In the early stages of the war, Arab armies held a numerical advantage, but lacked unified command and coordination, resulting in weak combat effectiveness. The Israeli army, supported by wealthy Jewish individuals in Western countries and the participation of many Jewish veterans of World War II, expanded its forces as it fought, exploited conflicts among Arab armies, and employed a strategy of defeating them one by one, gradually gaining the initiative on the battlefield.

The First Arab-Israeli War ended in Israel's victory. Its outcome had a profound impact on the political landscape of the Middle East. Israel expanded its territory through the war and established its dominant position in Palestine. Arab states suffered significant losses, losing vast tracts of territory and deepening their conflict with Israel. The war also resulted in the creation of a large number of Palestinian refugees, a major source of long-term instability in the Middle East.