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[What is the origin of Huang Shigong, and why did he make Zhang Liang a famous strategist through the ages? Historical trivia and historical figures]

He was called "Xia Pi Divine Man", lived in seclusion in Xia Pi, and wrote a unique book. The content of the book was taken from classics, which made Zhang Liang successful. This eternal strategist was also called "Old Man on the Bridge" Huang Shi Gong. So, what was Huang Shi Gong's origin? How did Zhang Liang use this unique book?

During the war to unify the six kingdoms, Han was the first country to be destroyed. Zhang Liang, a descendant of the prime minister of the Five Dynasties, suffered a great blow. He spent all his family wealth and planned revenge.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty, society was in turmoil. Zhang Liang finally waited for the opportunity to assassinate Qin Shi Huang, but the assassination failed and he was forced into exile. In Xia Pi, Zhang Liang met an old man named Huang Shi Gong.

Huang Shigong believed that Zhang Liang was a promising talent, and after several tests, he taught him the Taigong Military Strategy. Zhang Liang loved the military strategy so much that he soon memorized its contents and grasped its essence.

Later, he helped Liu Bang establish the Han Dynasty, and from then on he was known as the "Saint of Strategy". Even Zhang Liang, the successor, was like this, which shows that the legendary Huang Shigong was no ordinary person.

The "Tai Gong Military Strategy" taught by Huang Shigong is also called "Su Shu". Although the book has only more than 1000 words, it contains profound philosophical thoughts, superb strategic wisdom and the grand concept of self-cultivation, governance and peace in the world, and is praised as a unique book.

After reading this book, Zhang Liang expanded his vision, let go of the hatred and obsession with reviving his family, and applied the essence of the book in practice many times.

For example, "If the cathode leaks out, he will fail", which emphasizes the importance of keeping plans secret. Once the inner plans and strategies are leaked, they will lead to failure. During the Chu-Han contention, Han Xin defeated the allied forces and asked Liu Bang to make him king.

Liu Bang was furious after hearing this, but Zhang Liang tried to dissuade him in time, suggesting that Liu Bang should comply with Han Xin's request to prevent him from rebelling or defecting. At Zhang Liang's reminder, Liu Bang immediately changed his mind and promoted Han Xin to the "True King", thus avoiding a major crisis.

Another example is, “If small grudges are not let go, big grudges will inevitably arise”, which points out that if small grudges are not forgiven and resolved in time, they will lead to serious consequences.

After Liu Bang became emperor, many meritorious officials were dissatisfied with the issue of rewards and even plotted a rebellion. Zhang Liang immediately pointed out that Han Xin, who had a grudge against him, should be rewarded first to calm people's hearts. After Liu Bang adopted Zhang Liang's suggestion, a palace strife was indeed prevented.

There is also a saying that "making decisions with an unkind person is dangerous", which reminds us that decisions made when we are depressed or indifferent are often full of risks. When Liu Bang was besieged by Xiang Yu in Xingyang, his advisers suggested that Liu Bang enfeoff the descendants of the six kingdoms to win their support.

However, Zhang Liang pointed out the danger of this decision: it would not only weaken Liu Bang's own power, but also might not gain the sincere support of the descendants of the six kingdoms. Liu Bang suddenly realized the truth and immediately destroyed the seals of the six kingdoms that had been engraved.

There is also "before the change", which emphasizes the importance of flexibility and using tactics to solve problems. When Liu Bang wanted to change the crown prince, Empress Lü asked Zhang Liang for advice. Zhang Liang did not want to directly oppose Liu Bang's wishes, so he cleverly invited the Four Elders of Shangshan to assist the crown prince.

When Liu Bang saw that the prince was assisted by a hermit who he himself could not invite, he thought that the prince had grown up and gave up the idea of ​​deposing him. Zhang Liang successfully solved the problem of Empress Lü through this strategy.

Finally, "极木基础知足" teaches people to be content with what they have and avoid the disasters caused by greed. When Liu Bang wanted to reward Zhang Liang, Zhang Liang knew the danger of being too powerful, so he chose to be content and keep a low profile.

He refused the fief of 30,000 households within the territory of Qi State, and finally chose to retire at the peak of his career after achieving success, thus avoiding the fate of Han Xin and others.

In addition, "Su Shu" also emphasizes the concepts of being erudite and honest, being respectful, frugal and modest, having responsibilities as relatives, and being abstinent, combining the essence of Confucianism and Taoism.

Its wisdom includes early preparation, waiting for the right opportunity, keeping one's post without giving up, and upholding justice without turning back. It is not only applicable to ancient wars and political struggles, but also has guiding significance for modern people's decision-making and conduct.

During the period when Zhang Liang assisted Liu Bang, he used most of the knowledge in the Su Shu. As the story became more and more famous, the Su Shu was later regarded as a heavenly book.

It is said that Huang Shigong's original surname was Wei and his name was Liao. He was an important official of Qin Shihuang's father, King Zhuangxiang of Qin. After Qin Shihuang came to power, Huang Shigong resigned from his post and rode away because he did not support Yuanbao's words. Qin Shihuang did not want to tarnish his image, so he personally led people to Mount Li to dissuade him, but Huang Shigong eventually chose to live in seclusion.

Because he lived in seclusion in Huanghua Cave in the north of Huangshan Mountain, northwest of Pizhou, people called him Huangshi Gong. The Su Shu was written during his seclusion. After writing it, he looked for a suitable candidate and it is said that he finally met Zhang Liang on a bridge.

Because of Zhang Liang's achievements and this book, he was later honored as "the old man on the bridge" or "the divine man of Xia Pi".

[In history, the first emperor to be killed by a chef]

He had an affair with the new emperor's mother, married all the concubines of his father and brother, and was the first emperor in Chinese history to be hacked to death by a cook. He was also an eyewitness of UFOs, which flew freely like flying saucers. This person was Zhang Chonghua of the Former Liang regime.

In 346 AD, Zhang Chonghua ascended the throne of the Former Liang regime during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. After he succeeded to the throne, he managed the money and grain in an orderly manner and won the hearts of the people.

However, behind Zhang Chonghua there was a pair of eyes full of jealousy and sinisterness, always staring at the throne of the emperor. This person was named Zhang Zuo, who was a brother of Zhang Chonghua and the eldest son of Zhang Gui.

He was intelligent and brave since childhood, knowledgeable and talented, and was proficient in government affairs when he was young. However, although Zhang Zuo was Zhang Gui's eldest son, his status was completely different from Zhang Chonghua.

Because Zhang Zuo was born to Zhang Gui's concubine, he was a concubine's son, while Zhang Chonghua was born to Zhang Gui's wife, he was a legitimate son. Therefore, after Zhang Gui's death, Zhang Chonghua succeeded to the throne.

Seven years later, Zhang Chonghua became seriously ill, which completely aroused Zhang Zuo's evil thoughts. During Zhang Chonghua's illness, he pretended to be loyal, deceived his trust, and became brothers with several of Zhang Chonghua's favorites. With their help, he gradually gained control of the government.

After Zhang Chonghua died, his son Zhang Yaoling ascended the throne. Zhang Zuo instructed Zhao Chang and others to forge Zhang Chonghua's will and appointed himself as the general of all the armies at home and abroad and the general of the auxiliary army to assist in state affairs.

He also had an affair with Zhang Chonghua's mother, Ma, to gain her support. Most of the ministers in the court eventually turned against him and supported him in deposing Zhang Yaoling and proclaiming himself emperor.

In 354 AD, Zhang Zuo saw that the time was right and took action. He killed Ma, who had an affair with him, and Zhang Yaoling, who was only 10 years old. This move caused dissatisfaction among many ministers.

In order to consolidate his rule, Zhang Zuo killed Zhang Chonghua's trusted general Zhao Chang and all the officials who opposed him, thus beginning his brutal rule.

Zhang Zuo still harbored resentment towards Zhang Chonghua. In order to vent his anger, he took possession of all of his father's and Zhang Chonghua's concubines, even his 10-year-old daughter, who was also his niece.

Zhang Zuo used brutal purges and repressions to make all the ministers in the court feel insecure and no one dared to speak out. However, his talent was drowned by his narrow mind and abnormal psychology.

Under his rule, the country did not become strong. Instead, the people lived in dire straits. The heavy taxes and numerous corvee labor made people miserable. However, Zhang Zuo himself was addicted to wine and sex and turned a deaf ear to the suffering of the people.

The ministers who had supported him at the beginning felt disappointed and regretful, and began to secretly plan to overthrow Zhang Zuo's rule.

At that time, Zhang Zuo's fellow clansman Zhang Guan was guarding Fuhan and was very powerful. Zhang Zuo was very uneasy about this, so he sent people to lead troops to attack, which completely angered Zhang Guan. All the troops he sent were defeated, and Zhang Guan immediately took the opportunity to rebel.

The brothers Song Hun, the generals who supported the country during Zhang Chonghua's time, also responded and joined forces with him to attack the palace gate. Zhang Zuo sat in the hall, shouting loudly and ordering his civil and military officials to fight to the death.

However, Zhang Zuo's tyranny had already lost the support of the people, and all the officials in the palace fled. Seeing this, Zhang Zuo could only flee everywhere, and in a panic he hid in the kitchen, and happened to run into the cook Xu Hei who was holding a kitchen knife.

Xu Hei hated Zhang Zuo's rule, so he chopped him to death with a kitchen knife. Zhang Zuo thus became the first emperor in history to be killed by a chef, and Xu Hei also left his name in history.

There is also a very mysterious record in "Book of Jin·Biography of Zhang Zuo": "There was a light in the sky like a chariot cover, and a sound like thunder, shaking the city. The chariot cover was not big in shape, and it was lying horizontally, and had not yet stopped." It describes that on the night when Zhang Zuo proclaimed himself emperor, an object emitting dazzling light suddenly appeared in the night sky, which is very similar to the flying saucers described in modern times.

The object also made a loud noise that shook the entire city. This incident is known in history as the "Car Hood Light Incident."

Some people speculated that it was a celestial fairy, some speculated that it was fireworks or lanterns, and some people believed that it was an alien spacecraft because its appearance was very similar to the UFOs described in modern times and its flight trajectory was extremely free.

Although this theory lacks substantial evidence, it cannot be ruled out. However, Zhang Zuo at the time regarded this incident as an ominous sign. As he expected, his rule lasted only two years before ending in failure, truly interpreting the saying "evildoers will be punished" and "the righteous will have many supporters, while the unrighteous will have few supporters."

[Heroine, twice saved the country from disasters. Historical trivia and historical figures]

Liang Hongyu was a famous female general who fought against the Jin army in the Southern Song Dynasty. From a tragic relic to a legendary figure in Chinese history, she and her husband Han Shizhong saved the country from danger twice. In one battle, she defeated 8000 Jin troops with 10 naval forces, forcing them to abandon their armor and flee. She can truly be called a female hero who fought against the Jin army as well as any man.

Liang Hongyu was born in the first year of Chongning (1102) during the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song. Hongyu was the name given to her in various unofficial histories and picture books after her death. This name was first seen in the legend "Shuanglie Ji" written by Zhang Siwei in the Ming Dynasty.

Liang Hongyu was born into a military family and learned Kung Fu from her father and brother since she was young. However, due to her family's decline, Liang Hongyu became a prostitute in the Jingkou camp.

The prostitutes in the Jingkou camp were managed by the government of each prefecture and county. Han Shizhong was a general of the Suide Army in Yan'an Prefecture. He accidentally noticed Liang Hongyu's heroic and unconventional look. The two fell in love with each other and sympathized with each other, and eventually got married.

In the third year of Jianyan (1129), the Southern Song Dynasty had just been established and the situation was turbulent. The Jin army, led by Wanyan Zongbing (Jin Wushu), marched straight into the south of the Yangtze River.

Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan took the opportunity to raise troops and rebel, killing Wang Yuan, who held military power, and separately arrested and killed officials. They then forced Emperor Gaozong to give up his position, supported the crown prince, and let Empress Dowager Longyou rule the country from behind the curtain. At this critical moment, Liang Hongyu mounted her horse and galloped away. She arrived in Xiuzhou in one day and one night and met with Han Shizhong.

After Han Shizhong learned about the situation, he immediately joined other generals to quell the rebellion. Song Gaozong was overjoyed and personally went to the palace gate to welcome the couple. He also appointed Han Shizhong as the governor of Wusheng Army. Soon after, he also named Liang Hongyu the Lady of Protecting the Country. This is the allusion of "flying horse to convey the imperial edict" in history.

After the Miao-Fu rebellion was put down, the Southern Song Dynasty did not enjoy long-term peace. In October 1129, the Jin army, led by Wanyan Zongbing, marched straight into Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

Song Gaozong Zhao Gou chose to flee again, from Hangzhou to Mingzhou, and then from Mingzhou to the sea. The Jin army advanced alone, and more than five months later, Han resistance broke out in various parts of Jiangnan. After looting, the Jin army retreated northward.

At this time, Han Shizhong was serving as the governor of western Zhejiang. After hearing the news that the Jin army was retreating northward, he led 8000 naval forces to Zhenjiang to intercept them, and engaged in a fierce battle with the Jin army, which was said to have 10 soldiers, on the river. Liang Hongyu personally beat the drum in the rain of arrows to cheer for Han Shizhong and the Song army.

Under her encouragement, the morale of the Song army was greatly boosted, and they fought off more than a dozen attacks from the enemy. As a result, the Jin army was unable to cross the river and was trapped in the Zhenjiang area, unable to retreat northward.

At that time, Huangtiandang had a complex terrain, which was easy to defend but difficult to attack. Liang Hongyu and his wife took advantage of the terrain and the navy to lure the Jin army into it, and the two sides fought fiercely for 48 days.

Liang Hongyu boarded a ship several dozen meters high and beat the drum to command the troops in the rain of arrows. Her drumming sounded like a war song, which made the Song army more courageous. The Jin army paid a heavy price for this and could only dig a passage through the Laoguan River at night to escape into the Yangtze River. However, after escaping to Nanjing, the Jin army encountered another blow from Yue Fei.

In this battle, Liang Hongyu and her husband defeated 8000 Jin troops with 10 naval forces, causing them to abandon their weapons and weapons and suffer heavy losses. After that, the Jin army never dared to invade Jiangnan again. Liang Hongyu also became famous for her heroic performance.

Liang Hongyu not only possessed great military talent, but also great political wisdom. She did not take credit for the glorious victory, but instead impeached Han Shizhong for "missing the opportunity and letting the enemy go", which shocked the whole court and gave more recognition to Liang Hongyu's deep sense of justice.