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Facing the overwhelming force of Zhibo's army, he chose to return to Jinyang, which was easy to defend but difficult to attack, and fight a protracted war. Because the battlefield was in Jinyang, this war was also called the "Battle of Jinyang."

With advanced city defense equipment and bows and arrows, Zhao Xiangzi held out for two years, and the two sides were deadlocked. At this time, Zhi Bo came up with a plan to capture Jinyang.

He ordered the Jinshui River, northeast of Jinyang City, to be diverted to the city to flood Jinyang. However, even when the river flooded and the people had to flee to the roofs for shelter, Zhao Xiangzi did not raise the white flag.

Just when Zhibo was gaining the upper hand and Jinyang City was about to be captured, Zhibo destroyed the Great Wall with one sentence. In 453 BC, when he was checking the water level with the officials of Han and Zhao, he blurted out: "Now I know that water can destroy a country."

The general meaning is "Today I know that water can also destroy a country." The speaker is unintentional, but the listener is intentional. After hearing this, Huanzi (Han Kangzi) and Kangzi (Wei Huanzi) were nervous.

The "Zizhi Tongjian" records that Wei Huanzi nudged Han Kangzi with his elbow, and Han Kangzi stepped on Wei Huanzi with his foot. They both knew that if the Jin River could flood Jinyang City, then the Fen River could also flood Wei's capital Anyi, and the Zhang River could also flood Han's capital Pingyang.

Zhibo's words made the ministers of Han and Wei feel uneasy, so when Zhao Xiangzi sent people to instigate a rebellion, they changed sides without hesitation and stood on the side of Zhao.

After winning over his allies, Zhao Xiangzi sent people to change the direction of the water flow at night, allowing the water that originally flowed towards Jinyang City to flow back and flood Zhibo's camp.

The sudden flood caught everyone by surprise. Zhi Bo woke up in the middle of the night and was about to ask someone to deal with it. Soldiers from Han, Zhao, and Wei suddenly rushed over in boats, causing countless casualties among Zhi Bo's troops. Even Zhi Bo Yao died in the war.

In order to eliminate future troubles, after the Battle of Jinyang, Han, Zhao and Wei joined forces to attack Zhibo's fiefdom. The Zhi clan was destroyed and their land was swallowed up by the three clans.

In 434 BC, after Duke Ai of Jin ascended the throne, the ministers of the three families of Han, Zhao and Wei once again saw an opportunity. They took the opportunity to divide up the remaining land of Jin and left only the two cities of Jiang and Quwo for the successor Duke You of Jin. From then on, Jin was in name only.

In 403 BC, King Weilie of Zhou officially appointed the ministers of Han, Zhao and Wei as princes.

In 376 BC, Han, Zhao, and Wei deposed the last monarch of Jin, Duke Jing of Jin, and divided up the remaining land of Jin. From then on, Jin was completely destroyed.

Some people say that although the direct victim of the Three Families Dividing Jin was the State of Jin, in fact they destroyed the foundation of the Zhou Dynasty. This statement is not without reason.

On the one hand, Jin had a very advantageous geographical location. It moved east to Qi and blocked Qin in the west, cutting off their way out of Hangu Pass and encroaching on the Central Plains. It defended Jingchu in the south and Rongdi in the north, thus blocking most of the threats for the Zhou Dynasty.

If the State of Jin had not perished, the Zhou Dynasty might not have fallen so quickly. On the other hand, the Zhou emperor's enfeoffment of the three great officials of Han, Zhao, and Wei as princes undoubtedly undermined the Zhou Dynasty's ritual and legal system.

This division of fiefs told the world that it was allowed for ministers to override the monarch and divide the vassal states. The vassal states override the emperor and overthrow the Zhou Dynasty. The overthrow of Jin State opened a new switch for the vassal states to fight for hegemony. With the three states of Han, Zhao and Wei entering the arena for hegemony, the story of the Warring States Period also kicked off.

【Understand the history of the Qin Dynasty in one picture Historical knowledge Qin Dynasty Ying Zheng】

The Qin Dynasty lasted only 14 years, accounting for less than 1% of Chinese history, but it was the first unified feudal dynasty in Chinese history.

From raising horses for the Zhou royal family to becoming a small border country, and then to sweeping across the six kingdoms and overthrowing the rule of the Zhou Dynasty, for nearly 700 years, the Qin Dynasty carried on the legacy of six generations. However, after unifying the world in 221 BC, it only lasted 14 years before meeting its fate of demise in the second generation.

Today we will look at the rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty between 897 BC and 207 BC.

In 897 BC, the eighth monarch of the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Xiao of Zhou, Ji Bifang, ascended the throne. At that time, the Zhou Dynasty was under the threat of the Quanrong.

In order to check and balance the Quanrong, King Xiao of Zhou decided to optimize strategic equipment. He found a professional talent, Fei Zi, and asked him to be responsible for horse breeding. In 896 BC, Fei Zi was awarded the title of Qin for his meritorious service in horse breeding. Since then, the Qin State was established. Fei Zi also became the first feudal lord of the Qin State, Qin Fei Zi.

In 828 BC, King Xuan of Zhou ascended the throne and appointed Qin Zhong, the grandson of Qin Fuzi, as a senior official to attack the Western Rong. During the attack, Qin Zhong was defeated and died.

After his death, his eldest son succeeded to the throne and became Duke Zhuang of Qin. Although his father was dead, the necessary task of conquering the Western Rong could not be abandoned. In 821 BC, with the support of King Xuan of Zhou, Duke Zhuang of Qin successfully defeated the Western Rong and took back the land of Quanqiu from them.

The major problem was solved, and King Xuan of Zhou was overjoyed. He directly gave Quanqiu to Duke Zhuang of Qin and appointed him as the doctor of Xichui. After hundreds of years of hard work, the Qin people finally took root in the Weishui area and accumulated a certain amount of strength.

In 771 BC, they had an opportunity to move to a higher level. In that year, the Quanrong attacked the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the last emperor of the Western Zhou Dynasty, King You of Zhou, died, and the Western Zhou Dynasty was declared extinct.

In order to fight against the Quanrong, King Ping of Zhou, the son of King You of Zhou, summoned the princes. After receiving the order, Duke Xiang of Qin immediately led his troops to support. He and the princes who came to support the king together repelled the Quanrong.

Afterwards, King Ping of Zhou formally appointed Duke Xiang of Qin as a vassal and granted the land west of Mount Qishan to Qin. At the same time, King Ping of Zhou also promised that if Qin could defeat the Quanrong and take back the land occupied by the Zhou Dynasty, then these lands would belong to Qin.

With the promise of King Ping of Zhou, the State of Qin began to advance steadily on the border, conscientiously fighting against the Quanrong for territory. After several generations of efforts by the Qin army, they finally pacified the Rongdi, defeated the Guirong tribe, conquered the Pengxirong, and pushed the territory of the State of Qin to the middle of the Guanzhong region.

In 660 BC, Duke Mu of Qin succeeded to the throne. At this time, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty had declined, and the various vassal states were no longer under the control of the Zhou emperor. They all embarked on the road to hegemony, and Qin was one of them.

After coming up with the idea of ​​competing for hegemony, Duke Mu of Qin was unwilling to stop at the western border. He wanted to move eastward and get his hands on the Central Plains. However, the State of Jin happened to be blocking the Qin State to the east at that time. If Qin wanted to move eastward, it had to break through their blockade.

In 628 BC, Duke Wen of Zheng and Duke Wen of Jin both died of illness. Duke Mu of Qin thought this was a godsend opportunity to launch a surprise attack on Zheng. He sent troops eastward through Mount Yao, but unexpectedly, the traces of the Qin army were discovered by Xian Gao, a merchant from Zheng.

Xian Gao sent someone to notify the State of Zheng, while pretending to be an envoy from Zheng to reward the Qin army.

The Qin generals knew that their plan of sneak attack had been exposed and Zheng had also taken precautions, so they could only retreat. Unexpectedly, on the way back, the Qin army was ambushed by the Jin army in the Xiaoshan area. In the Battle of Xiaoshan, the Qin army was completely annihilated and even the commander was captured by the Jin State.

After the defeat at the Battle of Yao, Duke Mu of Qin launched the Battle of Pengya and the Battle of Wangguan, but the Qin army still did not gain any advantage in these two battles. So far, Duke Mu of Qin had no choice but to give up the eastward advance and turn to the west Rong.

After the change of strategy, a talent caught the attention of Duke Mu of Qin. His name was You Yu. Not only was he well-informed, he also traveled to every place in the Western Rong and knew them like the back of his hand.

Duke Mu of Qin used a strategy of sowing discord to undermine the power of King Rong and forced You Yu to serve under him as an official.

In 623 BC, Duke Mu of Qin adopted You Yu's strategy to attack the Western Rong and directly conquered 12 Rong countries. At this point, the territory of Qin expanded by a thousand miles. Duke Mu of Qin dominated the Western Rong, and even the Zhou emperor sent envoys to congratulate Duke Mu of Qin.

After achieving his revenge, Duke Mu of Qin died soon after. The next few Qin kings all pursued the policy of joining forces with Chu to attack Jin. Until Duke Jing ascended the throne in 573 BC, under the governance of Duke Dao of Jin, Jin rose rapidly and Qin no longer had the strength to compete with Jin. In 546 BC, after the meeting between Jin and Chu to stop the war, Qin also changed its mind and reconciled with Jin.

In 506 BC, the capital of Chu was captured by Wu. Chu was about to lose an ally, so Qin sent troops to rescue Chu and helped them repel Wu. Only then did Chu escape destruction.

In 453 BC, the State of Jin also faced a crisis. The ministers of the three families of Han, Zhao and Wei sidelined the king of Jin and seized power themselves. Although they did not have the title of princes, they already had the power of princes in reality.

In 422 BC, the State of Wei gradually became stronger, and then they appointed Wu Qi as a general and let Wu Qi conquer the Hexi region of Qin.

In 389 BC, in order to regain Hexi, the Qin State sent 50 troops to fight a decisive battle with the Wei State. This was known in history as the Battle of Yinjin. Unexpectedly, in this war, Wu Qi led only 5 Wei troops to defeat the Qin army. This made the Qin State a laughing stock, but also gave them the idea of ​​enriching the country and strengthening the army.

In 356 BC, the State of Qin appointed Shang Yang to start reforms. They abolished the hereditary aristocracy system and began to implement the military merit system. People could be granted titles by killing enemies in battle and making military achievements. This greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the State of Qin.

In 316 BC, Qin conquered the Three Kingdoms of Bashu, and later defeated Yiqu, eroded the Three Jins, and swept across Jingchu, becoming a powerful country that could not be underestimated. The strength of Qin also gave King Wu of Qin the confidence to challenge the authority of the emperor.

In 307 BC, King Wu of Qin went to Luoyang to pay homage to the Emperor of Zhou. After seeing the Nine Cauldrons of the Zhou royal family, King Wu of Qin wanted to lift the tripods. However, he overestimated himself and broke his leg bone in the process, and died at a young age.

A country cannot be without a king for a day. After King Wu of Qin died, the ministers of Qin supported Mi Bazi's son, Yingji, the half-brother of King Wu of Qi, to ascend the throne and became King Zhaoxiang of Qin. Mi Bazi also became the queen mother of Qin. Later, Queen Mother Mi had an affair with King Yiqiu and gave birth to two sons.

But it was also she who lured the King of Yiqiu to his death, providing the opportunity for the Qin State to conquer Yiqiu.

In 272 BC, Yiqiu was destroyed by Qin, but the King of Qin was still not satisfied. He appointed Bai Qi as the general to defeat the Zhao army in the Battle of Changping and killed 40 Zhao soldiers who surrendered. At this point, the strength of the six countries could no longer match that of Qin.

In 247 BC, Ying Zheng ascended the throne of King of Qin. He successively destroyed the six kingdoms of Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, and unified the world in 221 BC.

After unifying the world, King Ying Zheng of Qin believed that his achievements surpassed those of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, so he took one character from each of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors and called himself "Emperor".

And Ying Zheng himself became the first emperor of Qin. In order to facilitate governance, Qin Shihuang implemented the county system and abolished the feudal system. In addition, he also ordered the standardization of wheels, writing, currency, weights and measures.

After doing all this, Qin Shihuang began to upgrade his combat equipment and build the Great Wall. Although building the Great Wall was helpful in preventing the Huns, it was a waste of money and labor, which made the people miserable.

In addition to the Great Wall, the people of Qin also had to build the Chidao, Afang Palace, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, and perform military service, all of which increased the burden on the people and laid the groundwork for the demise of the Qin Dynasty.

In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rose up in rebellion, followed by Liu Bang and Xiang Yu.

Due to frequent uprisings in the country, the Second Emperor began to show dissatisfaction with Zhao Gao. Two years later, in order to preserve his power, Zhao Gao took the initiative to kill the Second Emperor and supported Ziying to take the throne. However, after Ziying took the throne, he immediately got rid of Zhao Gao, the parasite of the country, but at this time the Qin Dynasty was already in turmoil.

In 207 BC, Liu Bang led his army to attack Xianyang. Ziying surrendered and was killed by Xiang Yu. The Qin Dynasty was completely declared extinct. Qin Fuzi was granted the title of horse breeder.

Qin Shihuang unified the six kingdoms, and the Qin State ended the 500 years of chaos during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. However, in just 14 years, it was the first unified dynasty in Chinese history, and the Qin Dynasty was declared restored.

History has turned a new page, but the glory of the Qin Dynasty will last forever.

[Understand the history of the Western Jin Dynasty in one breath. Trivia about the Western Jin Dynasty]

This dynasty made great contributions by ending the Three Kingdoms and unifying the world, but was eventually massacred by foreign enemies. This dynasty had both merits and demerits. It was the Western Jin Dynasty.

The Western Jin Dynasty started off well but collapsed rapidly within 266 years. What happened to it? Today, let's take a look at the story of the Western Jin Dynasty between 317 and AD.

The Three Kingdoms was a battlefield of heroes and ambitious people, and the most ambitious person on this battlefield was Sima Yi. In February 249 AD, Sima Yi launched the Gaopingling Incident and seized the military and political power of Cao Wei.

However, although he succeeded in seizing power, he was unable to ascend to the throne for the simple reason that he was running out of time. In 251 AD, Sima Yi passed away, and his sons Sima Shi and Sima Zhao continued to fight for the throne.

Throughout history, if one wanted to kick the emperor out and take power himself, one had to meet the following conditions: either one was a member of the royal family and was qualified to inherit the throne.

Either they had to make great achievements, such as unifying the country, so that they would be qualified to ask the emperor to voluntarily abdicate. The Sima family was obviously not a clan member, so they could only take the second path - making great achievements.

In 263 AD, Sima Zhao sent troops to destroy the Kingdom of Shu. Cao Wei Emperor Cao Huan was also ready to abdicate, but at this critical juncture, Sima Zhao died of illness. His son Sima Yan stepped out from behind the scenes.

In 266 AD, Cao Wei Emperor Cao Huan abdicated to Sima Yan, marking the end of Cao Wei and the official beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty. Sima Yan also transformed himself into Emperor Wu of Jin.

Logically speaking, Sima Yan should not have ascended the throne so quickly. After all, his father had just died and he had just come to the fore. He had no connections and no resources.