Zhu Chao accompanied me to watch short videos

Once he was ordered to go to Liao to pay tribute to Emperor Tianzuo of Liao. At that time, all the chieftains wanted to perform songs and dances for the emperor, but Aguda refused. Emperor Tianzuo was stopped by his ministers, and Aguda escaped death. From then on, he made up his mind to rebel against Liao.

In 1114 AD, Wanyan Aguda launched an uprising against the Liao Dynasty and conquered the Liao capital of Ningjiang. The Liao army led a 10-man army to attack the Jurchens, but was defeated in the Battle of Chuhedian.

Wanyan Aguda took advantage of the victory to capture Binzhou, Xianzhou and other places. On the first day of the first lunar month of the following year, he officially proclaimed himself emperor and named his country the Great Jin.

Emperor Tianzuo of Liao, Yelu Yanxi, ordered a personal expedition against the Jurchens.

However, it was not until the Jin army captured Huanglongfu that Emperor Tianzuo reluctantly went to fight. Unexpectedly, Emperor Tianzuo was defeated and fled, and the Liao army fled in all directions. The Liao Dynasty declined and the Jin Dynasty rose.

The Jin Dynasty successively occupied two of the five capitals of the Liao Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty signed a maritime alliance to jointly destroy the Liao Dynasty. In 1122 AD, the Jin army captured the Liao Dynasty's Zhongjing and Xijing, while the Song army was unable to capture Yanjing.

Wanyan Aguda led his army here and the Liao Dynasty was destroyed. Aguda gave the six states of Yanjing to the Song Dynasty as agreed, but looted the city of Yanjing before leaving.

Soon, Jin Taizu Wanyan Aguda died of illness. According to the Jurchen succession system, his younger brother Wanyan Wuqimai inherited the throne and became Jin Taizong. In 1125 AD, Jin Taizong ordered an attack on Song and launched a full-scale attack on Song in two directions.

The Song army was caught off guard and Emperor Huizong of Song quickly passed the throne to his son Emperor Qinzong of Song. The Jin army commander Wanyan Zonghan offered harsh conditions while stepping up the attack on the Northern Song capital of Bianjing.

In the second year of the Jingkang period of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin army invaded Bianjing, looted the city, and took away more than 3000 people including Emperor Huizong and Emperor Qinzong, empresses, female relatives, royal family members, and officials, and went north. This is known in history as the Jingkang Incident, and the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed.

Song Gaozong Zhao Gou established the Southern Song Dynasty and fled everywhere under the pursuit of the Jin army.

In a series of military operations, Jin Taizong played a minor role. Jin Taizong was cowardly and was a puppet in name only. The real power of the Jin Dynasty was completely controlled by Zong Han.

Once, Jin Taizong secretly used the money from the treasury to buy wine, but he was discovered by Zong Han and beaten 20 times in public. Wu Qimai could not even make the decision on such a small matter as drinking, let alone appointing a crown prince.

Wuqimai originally wanted to make his own son the crown prince, but at Zong Han's request he had to make Wanyan Tan, the eldest grandson of Jin Taizu Aguda, the Jin Xizong.

In 1135 AD, Emperor Taizong of Jin died of illness, and Emperor Xizong of Jin, who was 16 years old at the time, succeeded to the throne.

Jin Xizong liked Han culture since he was young. When he ascended the throne, he was determined to implement the Han official system, strengthen central power, and deprive powerful ministers Wanyan Zonghan and Wanyan Zonggan of their military power.

Zong Han died of grief and anger. Jin Xizong ordered the abolition of the puppet regime supported by Zong Han in the former territory of the Northern Song Dynasty and established Xingzhou, which was led by Jin Wuzhu.

In 1138 AD, the peace-seeking Jin dynasty sent Wanyan Chang, Wanyan Zong and others to sign the first Shaoxing Peace Agreement with Qin Hui, the prime minister of the Southern Song dynasty, agreeing to return the lands of Nanhe and Xishan to the Southern Song dynasty.

However, a coup d'état soon broke out in the Jin Dynasty, and Jin Xizong killed Wanyan Chang and tore up the peace agreement. Song Gaozong then sent Yue Fei to the north to recover Henan.

But when Yue Fei was about to attack Kaifeng, the old capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Gaozong Zhao Gou issued 12 golden medals to recall him in exchange for a second peace agreement with the Jin Kingdom.

In 1142, the Song and Jin dynasties signed the Second Shaoxing Agreement, whereby the Southern Song dynasty pledged loyalty to the Jin dynasty and gave up the territories recovered by Yue Fei. The Fifth Army of Jin Wushu entered the court and took charge of the government, with its power growing day by day.

In 1148, Jin Xizong was addicted to alcohol and sex, cruel and bloodthirsty, causing panic among the people and desertion from his relatives. Two years later, Jin Xizong Wanyan Tan was killed by his cousin Wanyan Liang at the age of 31.

Wanyan Liang was a famous tyrant in the history of the Jin Dynasty and was extremely licentious.

In the second year of his reign, he started to attack the royal family, slaughtering the descendants of Jin Taizong and Wanyan Zonghan, marrying their wives and daughters as concubines, slaughtering the royal families of the fallen Song and Liao dynasties, and ordered Emperor Tianzuo Yelu Yanxi and Song Qinzong Zhao Huan to be shot to death with arrows.

At that time, it had been 20 years since the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty signed the Shaoxing Agreement. Wanyan Liang adopted a series of feudal policies, which made the Jin Dynasty's national strength flourish and had the ambition of unification.

In 1161 AD, Wanyan Liang led an army of 60 and attacked the Southern Song Dynasty in four directions. Although three of the four armies were repelled by the Song army, the eastern army led by Wanyan Liang still reached the Yangtze River.

At this time, Wanyan Yong, a member of the Jin Dynasty royal family, raised an army and proclaimed himself emperor, becoming Jin Shizong. The frontline soldiers suffered from Wanyan Liang's tyranny, and when they heard that Wanyan Yong had proclaimed himself emperor, they rushed forward and killed Wanyan Liang.

Wanyan Yong successfully seized power, negotiated peace with the Southern Song Dynasty again, focused on stabilizing domestic affairs, developing social economy, and repelling the Southern Song Dynasty's Longxing Northern Expedition. He made Xixia and Goryeo submit to him, and was therefore called Little Yao and Shun by later historians.

After Jin Shizong's death, the crown prince Wanyan Jing ascended the throne and became Jin Zhangzong. Wanyan Jing was proficient in Chinese studies, admired Confucian culture, and was good at calligraphy and painting. Under his rule, the Jin Dynasty entered its heyday.

The society was prosperous and the economy was stable. However, Jin Zhangzong favored his maternal relatives, the Li family, neglected government affairs and military affairs. Coupled with the flooding of the Yellow River, the Jin Dynasty's national power declined.

At the same time, the Mongolian tribes in the north of the Jin Dynasty were becoming increasingly powerful. More than 100 years ago, the Liao Dynasty launched a series of attacks on the various Jurchen tribes, but ultimately dug its own grave.

More than 100 years later, Emperor Zhangzong of Jin sent troops to reduce the population of the Mongolian tribes, inducing them to kill each other, which eventually created a terrible enemy, Genghis Khan.

In 1206 AD, Temujin unified Mongolia and was called Genghis Khan. He established the Great Mongol Empire and started the process of conquering Eurasia. The Jin Dynasty became the first target of Genghis Khan.

In 1208, Emperor Zhangzong of Jin, Wanyan Jing, passed away. Since he had no son, his uncle, Wanyan Yongji, succeeded him.

At that time, Zhang Zong's concubines Jia and Fan were pregnant. After Wanyan Yongji came to power, he poisoned Jia, forced Fan to have an abortion, and made his own son the crown prince. However, in Genghis Khan's eyes, Wanyan Yongji was just a mediocre person and was no match for him.

In 1211, Genghis Khan attacked the Jin Dynasty and defeated the Jin army at Yehuling. Wanyan Yongji was helpless and watched the Mongolian cavalry galloping unhindered in the territory of the Jin Dynasty and fighting all the way to the city of Zhongdu.

Although the Zhongdu defenders repelled the Mongolian attack, it wasn't long before the Khitans in Liaodong also rose up and surrendered to Mongolia. The Jin Dynasty was attacked from all sides and its situation became even more difficult.

In 1213, the Mongols attacked Zhongdu again. Wanyan Yongji was murdered by General Hushahu and eunuchs, and Jin Xuanzong Wanyan Xun ascended the throne. At this time, the Jin Dynasty was in trouble both internally and externally, and was in a precarious situation. Under the attack of the Mongolian cavalry, only cities of the Jin Dynasty remained undefended.

In desperation, Jin Xuanzong asked for peace with Mongolia and got a chance to breathe. Jin Xuanzong moved the capital of the Jin Dynasty from Zhongdu to Dongdu in the south, gave up the land of Hebei, and could only control the areas of Henan, Huaibei and Guanzhong.

Seeing the decline of the Jin Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty stopped paying tribute. Jin Xuanzong was very resentful and sent a large army to attack the Southern Song Dynasty. The Song and Jin countries were enemies for generations, and when enemies met, they were particularly jealous of each other, and soon they fought fiercely.

This also made it impossible for the Song and Jin dynasties to jointly fight against Mongolia. In 1224, Emperor Xuanzong of Jin died of illness, and Crown Prince Wanyan succeeded to the throne, known in history as Emperor Aizong of Jin. Three years later, Mongolia destroyed Western Xia, and Genghis Khan died of illness.

The successor Ogedei attacked the Jin Dynasty with all his might. In 1231, Tolui led the Mongolian army southward and attacked the Jin Dynasty through the Southern Song Dynasty. The Jin army was defeated one after another, and the main force was lost. It was impossible to turn the tide.

In 1233, Wanyan Xu fled to Caizhou and was surrounded by the Mongol-Song coalition. Seeing that the country was about to fall, Jin Aizong did not want to be the king of a fallen country, so he abdicated the throne to Wanyan Chenglin, a member of the royal family.

However, the coronation ceremony was only halfway through when the Mongol-Song coalition invaded Caizhou City. Wanyan Xu committed suicide and Wanyan Chenglin died in battle. The Jin Dynasty was destroyed.

【A quick guide to the history of the Western Xia Dynasty】

This was a mysterious dynasty buried in the yellow sand. It lasted for nearly 200 years and coexisted with the Northern Song Dynasty, the Liao Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty.

However, it is not listed in any of the Twenty-Four Histories. It calls itself the Great White Gao Kingdom and the Bonni Ding Kingdom. However, in history books, it has a more well-known name - Western Xia. In this video, let us walk into the mysterious Western Xia Dynasty.

Xixia was a country founded by the Dangxiang people, also known as the Great White Gao Kingdom. The Dangxiang were descendants of the Western Qiang and harassed the Central Plains during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Later, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty destroyed Tuyuhun, and the Dangxiang tribes that were dependent on Tuyuhun at the time also submitted to the Tang Dynasty.

As Tubo rose to power and continued to attack Dangxiang, the Dangxiang tribe asked the Tang Dynasty for help and moved to the area within the Longyou Pass.

After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, the Dangxiang took the opportunity to plunder the surrounding areas, jumping back and forth between Tubo and the Tang Dynasty, and often colluded with Tubo to attack the Tang Dynasty.

In order to cut off the connection between the Dangxiang and Tubo, Guo Ziyi moved the Dangxiang people inland for the second time. This time, the Dangxiang people were concentrated in Lingzhou, Xiazhou, Yinzhou, Suizhou and other places, and gradually formed several large tribes.

In 881 AD, Huang Chao's army invaded Chang'an. Tuoba Sigong, the leader of the Tuoba Dangxiang tribe, led his army to attack Huang Chao. He was named Duke of Xia and Jiedushi of Dingnan by Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty. He was given the surname Li and became a vassal of the Tang Dynasty.

The area under its jurisdiction was called Dingnan Army. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the Dingnan Army nominally submitted to the Five Dynasties in the Central Plains, and its power was further developed.

In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin put on the yellow robe and established the Northern Song Dynasty. Li Yiyin, then the governor of Xiazhou, took the initiative to change his name to Li Jiqian and expressed his loyalty to the Song Dynasty.

While Zhao Kuangyin eliminated separatist regimes such as Nanping, Southern Han, Hou Shu, and Southern Tang, he also reduced the power of military generals in the vassal states and strengthened central power.

After Li Jiqian's death, his eldest son Li Deming succeeded to the throne. On the basis of preserving his father's foundation, he adopted the strategy of medical treatment and sent troops together, showed goodwill to both Song and Liao countries at the same time, accepted the titles conferred by both countries, and concentrated on developing production and governing internal affairs.

In 1028 AD, Li Yuanhao, the son of Li Deming, captured the Ganzhou Uighurs, seized Guazhou and Shazhou, occupied the entire Hexi Corridor, and his influence reached Yumen Pass.

Li Yuanhao was also made crown prince and married Princess Xingping of Liao. In 1032, Li Deming died and Li Yuanhao succeeded him. He was ambitious and wanted to get rid of the vassal status of Song and Liao and establish an independent country.

He abolished the Han surname Li given to his ancestor Tuoba by the Tang Dynasty and changed his surname to Weiming, calling himself Wuzu, which means Khan. Li Yuanhao ordered the creation of Dangxiang's written laws, promoted Xingzhou to Xingqing Prefecture, and built a palace city, making the final preparations for becoming emperor and founding a country.

In 1038 AD, Li Yuanhao officially proclaimed himself emperor and named his country Daxia, also known as the Great Baigao Kingdom. He also submitted a memorial to Song Renzong requesting that the Song Dynasty recognize Western Xia.

The Song Dynasty would certainly not agree to Li Yuanhao's request to cut off trade with Western Xia. Li Yuanhao mocked the Song army for its incompetence and launched several attacks on the Song Dynasty border, but the Song army was defeated repeatedly.

However, the power of Western Xia was far from comparable to that of the Northern Song Dynasty. Years of war had left the Western Xia country in dire straits and its people in poverty. Li Yuanhao took the initiative to seek peace with the Song Dynasty and pledged his loyalty to the Song Dynasty in the name of the king.

Soon, Emperor Xingzong of Liao led an army of 10 to attack Western Xia because of the disagreement between Li Yuanhao and Princess Xingping. Li Yuanhao lured the enemy deep into the Liao army and defeated it. Emperor Xingzong of Liao fled in embarrassment.

Li Yuanhao took the initiative to seek peace with the Liao Kingdom. In this way, Western Xia was sandwiched between the two great dynasties of Liao and Song. In order to maintain its own independence, it formed a three-dynasty situation with Liao and Song.

Li Yuanhao hired people without caring about their background, but he was very suspicious of his relatives. He once poisoned his mother, Wei Mu, to death. He had many wives and concubines, but few of them had a good end.

At that time, Crown Prince Ning Lingge was engaged to Mo Yi, but Li Yuanhao took advantage of her beauty and forced her to marry him. The Crown Prince was angry but dared not speak out. Instigated by the powerful official Mo Zang Epang, the Crown Prince entered the palace with a sharp weapon and assassinated his father.

Li Yuanhao's nose was cut off and he died of his injuries, and the crown prince Ning Lingge did not have the last laugh. The powerful official Mo Zang Epang executed the crown prince for regicide and supported Li Yuanhao's youngest son Li Liangzuo to succeed him.

Li Liangzuo was not only the son of Li Yuanhao, but also the nephew of Mo Zang Epang. He was made emperor by his uncle when he was still in his infancy. His mother, Queen Mother Mo Zang, was the regent, and Mo Zang Epang considered himself the prime minister, with great power in the court.

In 1068 AD, Queen Mother Mo Zang was assassinated while hunting with her lover. Mo Zang Epang claimed that it was Li Shougui, another lover of the Queen Mother, who was responsible, and he wiped out Li Shougui's entire clan. From then on, he took sole control of the government and married his daughter to Li Liangzuo as queen.

As Li Liangzuo grew older, he became increasingly dissatisfied with his uncle's domineering behavior.

Later, Li Liangzuo fell in love with Mo Zang Epang's daughter-in-law Liang. Based on Liang's denunciation, Li Liangzuo killed Mo Zang Epang's clan and made Liang the queen.

After Li Liangzuo took power, he improved the Western Xia official system, strengthened central power, conquered Tubo, abolished the Tangut rituals, implemented Han rituals, and restored the four Li surnames of the Tang Dynasty. He continued to alternate between war and peace with the Song Dynasty.

In 1068, Li Liangzuo died of illness, and his son Li Bingchang, born to Empress Liang, succeeded to the throne with Empress Liang as regent. The Liang family was a large Han Chinese clan in Western Xia.

Therefore, it was inevitable that they would be questioned by the Tangut nobles. After Empress Dowager Liang came to power, she restored the Tanguts' resistance against Li and asked her brother Liang Wei to lead an army of 30 to attack the Northern Song Dynasty, although they finally withdrew their troops due to the attack of Tubo.

However, during the Song Dynasty's Longyou Campaign, Li Bingchang was dissatisfied with his mother party's monopoly of power and wanted to unite with the Song Dynasty to attack the grain.

In 1081, Empress Dowager Liang killed the envoy sent by Li Bingchang to the Song Dynasty. Li Bingchang was imprisoned, and the Western Xia was in chaos. Song Shenzong launched an attack from five directions.

As a result, the Song army was completely defeated in the city of Lingzhou and the next year in the city of Yongle. Emperor Shenzong of Song died in grief and anger. Although the Western Xia won the war, it lost the years and trade of the Song Dynasty.

The Xixia government was in financial difficulty and the people were living in poverty. The officials in the court resented the dictatorship of the Empress Dowager Liang. The Empress Dowager Liang had to restore her son to the throne, but the power of the government was still in the hands of the Empress Dowager Liang. Soon the Empress Dowager Liang died of illness, but Li Bingchang still could not get back the power.