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In 1726, the third prince Hongshi was driven out of the Forbidden City by Yongzheng and handed over to Yunlu for custody. The uncle and nephew looked at each other in silence and could only smile bitterly. A year later, the two Hongshi died of depression, but Yunlu's mentality was much better. In 1730, Yongzheng issued an edict to restore Yunlu's title of Prince of Lu. After Qianlong ascended the throne, Yunlu was promoted to Prince, and at the age of 65, he presided over the revision of the Qing Dynasty Code. In 1763, Prince of Lu Yunlu died at the age of 79.

The fifteenth prince Yinyu was born in 1693. His mother was Consort Wang, who was the same mother as the sixteenth and eighteenth princes. In 1730, he was promoted to Prince Yu and died the following year at the age of 39.

The sixteenth prince Yinlu was born in 1695. He was gifted and proficient in mathematics and music. In 1723, Emperor Yongzheng ordered Yinlu to be adopted by Prince Zhuang as his successor and enjoy the title of Iron Hat Prince. After Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, he was granted the double salary of the prince. Later, he was punished for being involved in the case of Prince Li Hongxi. He died in 1767 at the age of 73.

The seventeenth prince Yinli was born in 1697. His mother was Consort Chen. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he was named Prince Guo. He was known for his shrewdness and ability. He once reported to the court that the third prince extorted money, which made the third prince so angry that he cursed on the spot. Yongzheng took the opportunity to strike the third prince. In 1728, Yinli was promoted to Prince Heshuo Guo and was ordered to manage the Ministry of Works and the Ministry of Households. After Yongzheng's death, his will ordered that Prince Zhuang Yunlu and Prince Guo Yunli assist the new emperor. Yunli died three years later at the age of 42. Qianlong issued an edict to adopt his younger brother Hongluo to Prince Guo.

The eighteenth prince Yinzhi died at the age of 8.

It is worth mentioning that when Yinreng was seriously ill, Kangxi was extremely anxious, but Crown Prince Yinreng turned a deaf ear to him, which made Kangxi very angry and eventually led to the dethronement of the crown prince.

The nineteenth prince Yinzhen, his biological mother was Concubine Xiang Gao, who died at the age of three.

The 1755th prince Yinyi was also born to Gao. He was demoted in rank for not attending the tomb ceremony due to illness in the last years of Yongzheng's reign. He was restored to the throne after Yongzheng's death and died in 50 at the age of .

The 1711st prince, Yinxi, was born in 19. He was granted the title of Beizi at the age of 1758. After Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne, he was promoted to Shenjunwang. He died of illness in 48 at the age of .

The 1712nd prince, Yinhu, was born in 1744 to a woman named Sehetu. He was in charge of the prime minister's affairs during the reign of Emperor Qianlong and died in 33 at the age of .

The 1714rd Prince Yinqi was born in 1785. He did not do anything substantial in his life. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, he was criticized by the Emperor's nephew for his lax work. He died in 73 at the age of .

The 1716th prince Yinmi was born in 62. At that time, Kangxi was already 1733 years old. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he raised this younger brother as his son and let him study and live with the princes. In 1773, Yongzheng issued an edict to confer Yinmi the title of Heshuo Zhen Prince, making him surpass many of his brothers in one fell swoop. In 57, Zhen Prince Yinmi died at the age of .

From the above, we can see that the princes who did not participate in the battle for the throne fell into the following categories: one was due to their personalities, and they were unwilling to participate in this life-and-death battle for the throne;

One reason is that they were too young and their mothers were not of high status, so they could not participate. Although they were not eligible for the highest power, compared with the miserable end of the losers in the fight for the throne, these princes who did not participate basically had a good ending and did not have to suffer the blows of successors and losers. In a sense, this is also a kind of luck.

[Usurpation or succession? Understand the life of Emperor Yongzheng in one breath. History of the Qing Dynasty Yongzheng]

He was the cold-faced seventh prince, keeping a low profile and standing out in the melee of the nine princes competing for the throne. However, he was constantly controversial throughout his life. Some people said that he was mean and ungrateful, had no regard for brotherhood, and liked to tamper with history.

After ascending the throne, some people said that he was diligent in government affairs and was a rare good emperor in history. So which rumors about Emperor Yongzheng are true? How did he consolidate his throne, and how did he die strangely? In this video, let us walk into the life of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty.

Aixinjuelu Yinzhen was born in 1678 AD, also known as Emperor Yongzheng. His biological mother was Consort Defei Uya. According to the Qing palace system, Yongzheng did not grow up with his biological mother, but was sent to be raised by Imperial Noble Consort Tong Jia.

Yongzheng was calm and steady by nature, and was good at keeping a low profile. At the age of 21, he was named Beile and began to participate in the management of state affairs. While his brothers were fighting for the throne, Yongzheng quietly cultivated his own faction. Although he was often bullied by the prince, Yongzheng always endured it.

In 1708, after Kangxi deposed the crown prince for the first time, Yongzheng, despite past grudges, interceded for the crown prince, leaving Kangxi with the impression of a friendly brother. Half a year later, Kangxi issued an edict to reinstate the crown prince, and Yongzheng was promoted to Prince Yong.

After the crown prince was restored to the throne, he fought fiercely with the eighth prince Yinsi. The ministers in the court took sides one after another, but Yongzheng did not offend either side and secretly accumulated strength. Yinxiang, Longkodo and Nian Gengyao all became his helpers. This played a decisive role in Yongzheng's ascension to the throne.

In 1712, the crown prince was deposed again. Two years later, Kangxi issued an edict to reprimand the eighth prince Yinsi, but never appointed another crown prince. Yongzheng, who had always kept a low profile, was a shrewd and capable man. He was highly valued in Kangxi's later years, while Yongzheng's half-brother Yinzhen was named the Great General and went to the northwest.

In 1722, Emperor Kangxi passed away, and the fourth prince Yinzhen succeeded to the throne and changed the reign title to Yongzheng. There have been many different opinions about how Yongzheng ascended the throne for 300 years. Even at that time, the princes were surprised by the fourth prince's ascension to the throne.

However, Longkodo led a strong army to support Yinzhen's ascension to the throne. After the princes, they gritted their teeth and recognized Emperor Yongzheng. Yongzheng knew that the royal family officials were suspicious of his ascension to the throne. In order to stabilize the throne, he first found Yinxiang as his assistant and named him Prince Heshuo Yi to be the prime minister of the government and hold the financial power.

Yinsi was also named Prince Heshuo Lian and served as prime minister together with Yinxiang. In order to avoid the taboo of Emperor Yongzheng, Yinzhen and Yinxiang took the initiative to write a letter requesting that the generation name of their brothers be changed to "Yun". Yongzheng's half-brother Yinzhi was also renamed Yunzhi.

Yongzheng sent people to recall Yunti, who was still fighting in the northwest at the time, and placed him under house arrest, and asked Nian Gengyao to replace Yunti to continue the war in the northwest.

At the end of Kangxi's reign, the national treasury was in financial deficit. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he ordered the rectification of the administration and promulgated a series of policies the following year.

The policy of returning the fire consumption to the public and the policy of maintaining integrity, as well as the decree to pursue the fugitives and severely punish corrupt officials, led to many officials' property being confiscated and going bankrupt. After Yongzheng ascended the throne, he implemented an extremely important policy: the poll tax was abolished.

The collection of poll tax on farmland eased the burden on farmers, who were no longer unable to bear the tax burden due to too many people and too little land. The implementation of this policy also directly led to the rapid growth of the population in the Qing Dynasty.

In order to avoid the recurrence of the nine princes' fight for the throne, Yongzheng summoned all the ministers and announced that he had placed a secret decree behind the plaque of "Zhengda Guangming". After his death, when the secret decree was opened, they would know who the next emperor would be. This was the secret appointment of the crown prince.

The secret succession system was implemented for more than 100 years in the Qing Dynasty. After Emperor Xianfeng, the number of heirs in the palace became so small that there was no son to be succeeded, and the secret succession system thus disappeared.

In 1724, Nian Gengyao won a great victory in the northwest, and Yongzheng was delighted. He then began to purge the Eighth Prince Party. Prince Lian Yunsi was gentle and known as "the one in the bureau". Yongzheng ordered him to divorce his wife, and imprisoned Yunsi, Yunlu and the three brothers E one after another. Yunsi and Yunlu were also expelled from the clan, renamed Aqina and Saisihei, and died in prison.

After dealing with the Eighth Prince's party, Yongzheng also purged Nian Gengyao and Longkodo, who helped Yongzheng ascend the throne. Nian Gengyao was stabbed to death, while Longkodo, as his nominal uncle, died in confinement.

Starting in 1726, Yongzheng continued to implement the policy of converting native chieftains into officials in the southwest, replacing local hereditary chieftains with officials sent by the court. The policy of converting native chieftains into officials began during the Yongle reign of the Ming Dynasty and lasted for more than years, and was basically completed during the Yongzheng reign.

Since then, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi have basically been brought under the complete control of the central dynasty.

In 1729, Yongzheng issued an order to directly control the Military Affairs Council, which assisted the emperor in handling national military and political affairs. The establishment of the Military Affairs Council marked the peak of the Chinese autocratic imperial power. It was also in this year that a man named Zeng Jing, who had been a teacher of Lu Liuliang, spread rumors that Yongzheng had usurped the throne.

Yongzheng did not kill Zeng Jing, but debated with him personally and wrote "Da Yi Jue Mi Lu" (Record of Awakening from Delusion) to publicize it. Soon after, Yongzheng launched a literary inquisition and executed and exiled Lü Liuliang's family and disciples.

The death of Prince Yi Yinxiang was a huge blow to the seriously ill Yongzheng, who was extremely sad.

However, Yongzheng did not abandon the hereditary system of the throne, and he changed Yuanxiang to Yingxiang. In addition, Yongzheng wrote many heartfelt eulogies to commemorate his 13th brother Yinxiang.

Even the funeral of Prince Yi was extremely solemn and honorable. Yongzheng even sent people to monitor the funeral scene, and anyone who behaved poorly at the funeral would be punished.

As a result, Yongzheng's third brother, Prince Cheng Yunzhi, was in trouble. He was reported to have been late for Yinxiang's funeral and left early. Yongzheng stripped him of his title and imprisoned him.

In 1735, Yongzheng died suddenly at the age of 58. Just like how he ascended the throne, how Yongzheng died has also become an unsolved mystery.

Some say he was assassinated by Lü Siniang, a descendant of Lü Liuliang. Some say he died of a stroke. Some say he died of taking an elixir by mistake. So what do you think is the truth behind Yongzheng's death? Feel free to leave your opinion in the comments section.

[Look at the prosperous period of Qianlong in chronological order, why did it leave a mess? History of the Qing Dynasty during Qianlong's reign]

He is the only emperor in Chinese history who served in several dynasties. During his 60-year reign, he brought the empire to its peak. However, some people say that the Qianlong era he created left an irreparable mess for his descendants.

It was even called a barbaric and backward empire by foreigners. So how should we evaluate Qianlong's life? Why did the Qing Dynasty rise and fall? In this video, let us walk into the life of Emperor Qianlong in chronological order.

In 1711, Aixinjueluo Hongli was born in Yong's mansion in Beijing, the same as the Emperor Qianlong we are familiar with. He was the fourth son of Yong's mansion, and his mother, Niuhulu, was just a princess in the mansion at that time.

After Kangxi's death, Prince Yong ascended the throne, and the 12-year-old Hongli became a prince. His mother, Niuhuru, was also canonized as Concubine Xi because of her son's status.

At that time, Yongzheng had only four sons. The third prince Hongshi was not favored by Yongzheng, the fifth prince Hongzhou had a ridiculous personality, and the fourth prince Hongli was very smart since he was a child. He was raised in the palace by his grandfather Kangxi. Therefore, in the second year of Yongzheng's accession to the throne, Hongli's name was written on a piece of paper and placed behind the plaque of "Zhengdaguangming" as the next successor to the empire.

In 1726, the third prince Hongshi was expelled from the imperial family and expelled from the palace. Four years later, a daughter died. At the same time, Hongli was ordered to marry Fucha, the daughter of Li Rongbao, the governor of Chahar.

In 1733, Hongli was promoted to Prince Bao, basically establishing his position as the heir. Two years later, Yongzheng passed away, and Hongli ascended the throne smoothly, changing the reign to Qianlong and honoring his birth mother, Niuhulu, as the empress dowager.

In the early days of Emperor Qianlong's reign, he worked hard to improve the system of the Grand Council and rectify the administration of officials, inheriting his style of diligence. After the accumulation of the reigns of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Yongzheng, by the time of Emperor Qianlong, the national strength had reached its peak.

The population and cultivated land increased significantly, and the treasury was full, which gave Qianlong sufficient confidence to expand the territory and maintain the unity of the Qing Dynasty. As an absolute monarch, Qianlong strengthened ideological control, and literary inquisitions became more and more severe, with more than 100 cases during Qianlong's reign.

At the same time, many important works were completed during the Qianlong period, such as the History of Ming Dynasty and the Collected Statutes of Qing Dynasty. The most important of these was the large-scale document collection Sikuquanshu. However, during the compilation of Sikuquanshu, a large number of books were banned and destroyed.

It is worth mentioning that Qianlong was very fond of calligraphy, painting and poetry. He wrote more than 4 poems in his lifetime and collected many works of famous artists, on which he would stamp various seals. In modern times, he is nicknamed "the stamp maniac" by netizens.

In 1747, the chieftain of Dajinchuan rebelled and sent troops to attack Xiaojinchuan. Dajinchuan and Xiaojinchuan are located in the northwest of Sichuan. They are the throat area of ​​Sichuan leading to Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu and other places, and their strategic location is extremely important.

After the death of the chieftain of Dajinchuan, Sonomu, conflicts between Dajinchuan and Xiaojinchuan continued, and eventually turned into a war with real swords and guns. Qianlong sent troops to suppress the rebellion and won the victory after besieging Dajinchuan for two years.

In 1755, Emperor Qianlong sent troops to attack Dawachi of the Junggar tribe and headed straight for Yili. Dawachi was defeated and captured, and was made a prince by Emperor Qianlong. Soon after, Amursana launched another rebellion.

Qianlong led his troops to suppress the rebellion again, and Amursana fled to Tsarist Russia and eventually died of illness in Siberia. The Qing Dynasty established positions such as generals and counselors in the north, strengthened its rule over Tibet, and effectively curbed the invasion of Tsarist Russia and Britain.

While suppressing the Dzungar tribe, the two Khojas in the southern Jinshan Road also attempted to establish their own regime. Qianlong sent troops to suppress and put down the rebellion. In 1771, Yili welcomed a tribe returning from Europe - the Torghut tribe. They were descendants of the Mongol Wala and migrated eastward to the Volga River during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty.

As the Russian Empire continued to expand, the living space of the Torghut tribe became smaller and smaller, and they had no choice but to lead their tribe back to the east. The leader of the Torghut tribe, Wubashi, also brought back the seal that Emperor Zhu Di of the Ming Dynasty had given to the Oirat three hundred years ago. Emperor Qianlong named Wubashi Zhuoliktu Khan, and from then on, Western Mongolia was completely brought under the jurisdiction of the central dynasty.

In the same year, the Jinchuan tribes jointly rebelled and attacked the surrounding chieftains. Emperor Qianlong sent troops to suppress the rebellion. After five years of fighting, it was finally completely suppressed in 5.

The Qing Dynasty spent 60 troops and 7000 million taels of silver for this battle, which was a huge cost. Afterwards, Qianlong implemented the policy of changing the natives to officials in the old Jinchuan area, placing it under the jurisdiction of the SC Province, and ending the chaos in the area.