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Sima Lun deposed the Emperor of Wei and proclaimed himself emperor, and Emperor Hui of Jin was placed under house arrest in Jinyong City.

Sima Lun and his party had low morals, lacked the ability to govern the country, were good at conspiracy and intrigue, but were incompetent in governing the country.

They conferred titles of nobility to please people in and outside the palace, which led to a shortage of sable hair for making top hats and feathers, so they had to use dog hair instead. This is the origin of "dog tail to sable". Soon, this triggered the uprising of the three kings.

Prince Sima Jiong in Xuchang united to oppose Sima Lun. Sima Jiong was once named King of Gao'an and had his own army. However, he did not make good use of his father's reputation for his contribution to the throne. After taking control of the government, he was arrogant and acted like an emperor. He was also obsessed with women and neglected government affairs.

In addition, the crown prince had been killed and Emperor Hui of Jin's grandson had died of illness. The throne could only be inherited by brothers in the future, which meant that whoever controlled the government would be the future emperor.

In 302 AD, Sima Yong, a former ally, submitted a memorial stating Sima Jiong's crimes, raised an army to attack Luoyang, and claimed that Sima Yi, the King of Changsha, who was stationed in Luoyang at the time, was his internal supporter.

When Sima Jiong learned the news, he sent people to attack Sima Yi. Sima Yi had no choice but to rush into the palace with more than 100 soldiers and kill Sima Jiong. The Jin Dynasty entered the Sima Yi era.

Sima Yong was dissatisfied with Sima Yi's monopoly of government affairs, so he sent people to assassinate Sima Yi many times, but all failed. In 303 AD, Sima Yong and his allies led an army to attack Luoyang. Emperor Hui of Jin issued an edict to appoint Sima Yi as the commander-in-chief and to raise troops to fight back.

The two sides fought for several months, suffered heavy losses, and no one was victorious. This led to Sima Yue, the Prince of Donghai, who served as the Minister of Works in the court, colluding with Sima Yong, the Prince of Hejian, to capture Sima Yi and hand him over to Sima Yong, who eventually executed him.

Because Sima Yue had always enjoyed prestige in the court and the country and had strong military strength, he was named the crown prince and appointed as prime minister. Sima Yong, the King of Hejian, and Sima Yue, the King of Donghai, were also entrusted with important positions.

If Sima Yue could stay in Luoyang and lead the overall situation, the Jin Dynasty could still barely hold on, but he insisted on returning to Donghai City. I don't know what he couldn't let go of there.

Sima Yong was also very dissatisfied with Sima Yue's dictatorship, so he gathered more than 10 soldiers and led Emperor Hui of Jin to personally attack Yecheng. As a result, they were defeated by Sima Yue. Sima Yong fled, and Emperor Hui of Jin was also detained in Yecheng.

After Sima Yi was defeated, his Qingzhou governor Sima Teng killed the Youzhou governor appointed by Sima Yue. So Sima Yue sent troops to attack Sima Teng, who then joined forces with Youzhou, Jizhou and other forces to attack Sima Yue, laying the hidden danger for the Five Barbarians' Invasion of China.

When the news of the failure reached Yecheng, people were in panic, so Sima Yue had to flee to Luoyang overnight with a dozen generals and Emperor Hui of Jin. However, Luoyang was already under the control of Sima Yong, who abolished Sima Yue's position as the crown prince and re-selected officials.

In 305 AD, Sima Yong asked Emperor Hui of Jin to issue an edict to dismiss Sima Yue and others, forcing Sima Yue to raise an army in the name of saving the country, but Sima Yong was defeated. Sima Yue, King of Donghai, became the final winner of the Eight Kings Rebellion.

In 307 AD, Sima Zhong, the Emperor Hui of Jin, died suddenly. Some people said that he was poisoned by Sima Yue. After Sima Zhong's death, Sima Chi succeeded him and became Emperor Huai of Jin. As soon as Emperor Huai of Jin ascended the throne, he issued an edict to appoint Sima Yong as Minister of Education and let him return to the court. Sima Yong was strangled to death in the car on the road, and his three sons were also killed. Sima Yong had no descendants, and the Eight Kings Rebellion ended.

But at this time, the Five Barbarians had begun to revolt against China, and many new regimes of varying sizes had emerged. In 311 AD, Emperor Zhaowu of Han, Liu Cong, led his army to capture Luoyang, creating the Yongjia Rebellion and capturing Emperor Huai of Jin.

After learning that Emperor Huai of Jin was killed, Emperor Min of Jin Sima Ye ascended the throne in Chang'an and united the military forces of Youzhou, Bingzhou, Daiguo, Wuhuan and Xianbei to fight against Han Zhao. Emperor Min of Jin surrendered to Han Zhao when he ran out of food and became the last emperor of Western Jin.

The War of the Eight Kings lasted for 16 years, during which there were occasional wars. In the later period, the imperial court could no longer control the country, and the areas affected by the war became increasingly larger.

In addition to the warriors who attacked each other, there were also rebellions by ethnic groups such as the Xiongnu, Jie, Di, and Qiang, as well as a series of wars against the Western Jin court by the Cheng Han and Han Zhao regimes.

Many separatist regimes also emerged in the south. These wars caused serious damage to many parts of the country, and famine and epidemics occurred frequently. The Five Barbarians' Invasion of China in the later period brought even more painful disasters to the people.

【Understand the history of the Five Barbarians’ Invasion of China in one go】

The historical term "Five Barbarians Invading China" usually refers to the invasion and rule of the Central Plains by the five major non-Han ethnic groups in the north - the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jie, Qiang, and Di - in the late Western Jin Dynasty.

They originally lived in the vast areas north and northwest of the Central Plains. Later, due to wars and ethnic migrations in the Central Plains, they gradually entered the Central Plains and established several regimes.

The period of the Five Barbarians' Invasion of China is generally considered to have started from the establishment of the Cheng Han regime and the Liu regime in 304 AD, and ended in 439 AD when the Xianbei Northern Wei unified the north and began confronting the Southern Dynasties, a total of 135 years.

In 581 AD, Emperor Wen of Sui, Yang Jian, established the Sui Dynasty. It was not until the destruction of the Chen Dynasty in 589 AD that nearly 300 years of turmoil and division ended.

During this period, the population of the Central Plains dropped dramatically. The Wei and Jin dynasties constantly recruited the northern Hu people. Over the past few hundred years, about millions of Hu people moved inland, including 70 Xiongnu, 8 Qiang people, 100 million Jie people, and 250 million Xianbei people. After the Eight Kings Rebellion, the final winner Sima Yue was not a direct descendant of Sima Yi, but the grandson of Sima Kui, Sima Yi's fourth brother. So the three generations of Sima Yi worked hard all their lives, but in the end they made wedding clothes for others.

After the outbreak of the Rebellion of the Eight Princes, history has it that the Five Barbarians established their own states, and Chen Han and Former Zhao were the beginning of the establishment of the Five Barbarians. After the Rebellion of the Eight Princes ended, the biggest winner Sima Yue not only held power, but also re-established an emperor, and then continued to run out to fight with others.

In 310 AD, Liu Yuan, the founder of Former Zhao, died. His second son Liu Cong assassinated Emperor Liu He and took the throne. In the winter of the year when Liu Cong ascended the throne, Sima Yue abandoned Sima Chi, the Emperor Huai of Jin, and fled with all the troops loyal to him because he felt that Luoyang was too close to Former Zhao and was unsafe.

However, Sima Yue died on the way south, and the next battle was definitely a foregone conclusion. Luoyang was powerless to resist, and more than 3 people, including princes and ministers, were killed, Emperor Huai of Jin was captured, and all the gold and silver treasures were looted. This was known in history as the Yongjia Rebellion.

After the death of Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Ye, another grandson of Emperor Wu of Jin, ascended the throne in Chang'an and was known in history as Emperor Min of Jin.

Emperor Min of Jin was actually a commander without troops. In 316 AD, Liu Cong once again captured Chang'an. Emperor Min of Jin rode a sheep cart himself, took off his shirt, held a jade disk in his mouth, and his attendants carried his coffin out of the city to surrender.

After Emperor Min of Jin surrendered, he was responsible for carrying the flag and pouring wine for Liu Cong, acting as a eunuch. However, even so, Liu Cong still sent him to another world with a cup of poisoned wine two years later.

After Emperor Min of Jin was killed, Wang Dao, Wang Dun and others from the clan supported Sima Rui, a distant relative of the Jin Dynasty, to ascend the throne after he fled south and established the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The Western Jin Dynasty, which had lasted for 51 years, officially perished. At this time, the Eastern Jin Dynasty only occupied the Jiangnan region, and the entire Central Plains was ruled by the Hu people.

It was also in this year that Liu Cong died of illness in Pingyang, and his incompetent son Liu Can inherited the throne.

The first thing Liu Can did after ascending the throne was to marry his father's five wives. He indulged in wine and sex all day long. He was killed by his father-in-law, Prime Minister Jin Zhun, after being emperor for less than two months.

Liu Yao, a general of Former Zhao, and Shi Le started their rebellions at the same time. After killing Jin Zhun, they parted ways. Liu Yao inherited Former Zhao, while Shi Le founded a new regime, known in history as Later Zhao.

Liu Yao adopted a high-handed policy towards the various ethnic groups in Guanzhong, and because of his poor governance and his constant wars, the country was in decline. Shi Le controlled a large area of ​​Hebei.

In 329 AD, Shi Le conquered the Former Zhao and ascended the throne. After Shi Le's death, his nephew Shi Hu usurped the throne and moved the capital to Yecheng. Shi Hu was extremely cruel, killing people without restraint and living a dissolute life, which led to sharp social contradictions and miserable lives for the people.

After Shi Hu's death, his sons fought for the throne and killed each other. His adopted grandson, the Han Chinese Ran Min, seized power and finally proclaimed himself emperor in 350 AD, changing the country's name to Wei, known in history as Ran Wei. At the same time, Shi Hu's son Shi Zhi also proclaimed himself emperor in Xiangguo, and a full-scale civil war broke out.

During this period, the Eastern Jin general Huan Wen led his troops to attack the first Hu regime, Cheng Han. The Cheng Han emperor Li Shi surrendered, and the Cheng Han forces were also recovered and destroyed by the Jin Dynasty.

A year later, Shi Zhi was killed by his general Liu Xian, and the Later Zhao Dynasty was destroyed. Liu Xian proclaimed himself emperor in Xiangguo and established the Liu Xian Principality, but was destroyed by Ran Min only a year later.

While the two Zhao states were fighting each other, the Former Yan regime established by the Xianbei Murong clan, after a series of battles, finally settled the internal disputes within the family after Murong Jun succeeded to the throne and became the largest force in Liaodong.

In 352 AD, Murong Jun led his army southward, and Ran Min was captured and executed by Murong Jun. Not long after, the Former Qin army broke through Yecheng, Ran Wei was destroyed, and Murong Jun took the opportunity to move the capital and succeeded to the throne, which was known as the Former Yan in history.

At this time, a new regime was also quietly rising. Fu Hong, the son of Pu Huaigui, the leader of the Di tribe, surrendered to Liu Yao, the emperor of the Former Zhao Dynasty after the Yongjia Rebellion. After the fall of the Former Zhao Dynasty, he surrendered to Shi Hu of the Later Zhao Dynasty. During the civil strife in the Later Zhao Dynasty, Fu Hong surrendered to the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

After Fu Hong's death, his son Fu Jian expanded his power in the Sanqin area, established the Former Qin, proclaimed himself king and made Chang'an the capital. He broke off diplomatic relations with the Eastern Jin Dynasty and gradually grew stronger.

Unfortunately, Fu Jian's son Fu Sheng was too cruel. Historical books said that he was extremely strong and could fight a tiger with his bare hands, but he killed people without blinking an eye and would chop off the head of anyone he disliked.

But if you walk by the river often, you will get your feet wet. Just when Fu Sheng was about to kill his cousin Fu Jian, he was killed by Fu Jian instead. The power of the Former Qin Dynasty thus fell into the hands of Fu Jian.

This Fu Jian was different from the previous ones. Although he was also warlike, he preferred culture. He relied on the Han Confucian Wang Meng to assist him in governing the country, enriching the country and strengthening the army, and the national strength gradually grew stronger.

In 370 AD, Fu Jian sent Wang Meng and Deng Qiang to lead an army to destroy Former Yan. After conquering the six states of Guandong, it took another six years to destroy Qiuchi, subdue Tuyuhun, destroy Former Liang, and pacify the countries in the Western Regions. The territory suddenly became the largest among the Five Barbarians, and the north was unified, which was known in history as Former Qin.

The Former Qin Dynasty attached great importance to the Sinicization reform of education construction, which effectively eased ethnic barriers and laid the foundation for the Sinicization reform of the later Northern Dynasties.

However, Fu Jian was not satisfied with his achievements. He began to dream of unifying the country, so he started to fight against the southern regime. After the Former Qin captured Xiangyang, a strategic town of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in 379 AD, Fu Jian wanted to destroy the Jin Dynasty with a million soldiers.

In 383 AD, Fu Jian launched a full-scale attack on the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At that time, Prime Minister Xie An was in charge of state affairs, and Xie Shi and Xie Xuan led 8 troops by land and sea to meet the enemy.

The two sides fought the famous Battle of Feishui at Feishui. In the end, Xie Xuan defeated the Former Qin army by provoking them, and Fu Jian was also seriously injured.

After Xie An heard the good news, he was so excited that he could not contain himself any longer. When he stepped over the threshold, he stumbled and broke the teeth of his clogs. This is the origin of the famous allusion "The Joy of Breaking Clogs".

After the Battle of Feishui, the rule of Former Qin collapsed. Other ethnic groups that had previously submitted to Former Qin took the opportunity to become independent, and the area north of the Yellow River fell into a state of division again.

In 383 AD, Murong Chui, a surrendered general of the Former Qin Dynasty, was the first to rebel. He proclaimed himself King of Yan, abolished the Qin Emperor, established the Later Yan regime, and became the emperor himself.

After hearing the news, Murong Hong, the chief of northern territory of Former Qin, gathered thousands of Xianbei people, proclaimed himself the general, and established the Western Yan regime.

When Fu Jian saw that the rebellion had begun, he appointed his son Fu Rui as the commander-in-chief and sent troops to suppress the rebellion with the assistance of Qiang general Yao Chang. Unexpectedly, they were defeated in Huaze, and Fu Rui was also beheaded. Yao Chang had to flee to Weibei for fear of punishment. Later, he established the Later Qin regime under the recommendation of his clansmen.

In 385 AD, the Western Yan army captured Chang'an City. When Fu Jian fled to Wujiang Mountain, he was captured by Yao Chang and killed shortly afterwards. Fu Jian's son Fu Pi succeeded him in Jinyang. At this time, the humble Qifu Guoren proclaimed himself the Great Chanyu in Longxi, rebelled against the Former Qin, and established the independent Western Qin regime.

A year later, Tuoba Gui proclaimed himself King of Dai, the Northern Wei Empire was established, and the Northern Dynasties began.

No one thought that Tuoba Gui would be the final winner. Western Yan and Former Qin also fought a war, and the Former Qin army was defeated. The capital Changan was ceded to Western Yan. Lü Guang, the son of Lü Polou, a senior official of the founding of Former Qin, took the opportunity to establish the Later Liang regime.

In 394 AD, the Former Qin Emperor Fu Deng fought with the Later Qin Emperor Yao Xing at Ma Mao Mountain and was defeated by the Later Qin in the Battle of Feiqiao. Fu Deng was later beheaded and the crown prince Fu Chong was also killed by Qifu Qiangui, the governor of Liangzhou of the Western Qin. The Former Qin officially perished.

In 396 AD, Lü Guang of the Later Liang Dynasty sent an envoy to confer the title of General of the Southern Expedition to Tuoba Wugu, a member of the Hexi Xianbei tribe. However, Tuoba Wugu was determined to break away from Lü Guang's control, so he declined the title and established the Southern Liang regime the following year. Duan Ye, a general under Lü Guang, also set up his own regime and established the Northern Liang regime.

In 398 AD, after the Later Yan monarch Murong Bao was defeated by the Northern Wei in the Battle of Chanhebi, the Later Yan was divided into two parts, north and south, and 5 Xianbei people were killed by the Tuoba army.

Murong De, a member of the Later Yan clan, proclaimed himself the King of Yan in Huatai and established Southern Yan. Two years later, the Later Qin sent troops to destroy the Western Qin. However, since Yao Xing of the Later Qin wanted to use the potential power of Qifu Qiangui and his son in Longyou to consolidate and expand his rule, he adopted a policy of winning over Qifu Qiangui and his son and the power of Western Qin to preserve their strength, which created conditions for the restoration of the country by Qifu Qiangui and his son.

After Lü Guang's death, Lü Zhan, the eldest son of the illegitimate family, killed Lü Shao and seized the throne. Lü Long lured Lü Zhan to death and established himself as the emperor, which led to the country's increasing weakness.