The book has no strength, the female supporting role just wants to survive

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Bronchial asthma, or asthma for short, is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by recurrent wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness or coughing, which often occur or worsen at night or in the early morning. The onset of asthma is related to genetic and environmental factors, among which genetic factors mainly determine the patient's susceptible constitution, while environmental factors such as various allergens, air quality, smoking, exercise, etc. are specific triggering factors. Common types of bronchial asthma include exercise-induced, drug-induced, occupational, and allergic.

Symptoms of asthma are mainly wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness or coughing. In severe cases, breathing difficulties and hypoxemia may occur. For patients who have been diagnosed with asthma, it is recommended to seek medical attention in a timely manner when symptoms worsen or interfere with daily life. It is worth noting that asthma is not an infectious disease, so there is no need to worry about transmission through the air or contact.

Asthma cannot be completely cured at present, but the disease can be controlled through medication to improve the quality of life. Commonly used drugs are mainly control drugs and reliever drugs. The former are used for long-term control of the disease, such as inhaled corticosteroids, and the latter are used to relieve acute attacks, such as short-acting β2 receptor agonists. In addition, some patients with severe or refractory asthma can try non-drug treatments such as bronchial thermoplasty.

As there is no cure, prevention of asthma is particularly important. Conventional preventive measures include avoiding environments and substances that induce asthma, actively treating upper respiratory tract infections, and maintaining good living and eating habits. Although there is no cure, most asthma patients can achieve a good quality of life through regular and standardized treatment and management.

Genetics and environment are two essential factors for asthma. Genetics only determines the patient's allergic constitution, that is, the susceptibility to asthma. Whether such patients develop asthma is closely related to environmental factors.

Causes

genetic factors

Asthma has a multi-gene inheritance tendency, and the onset has a certain familial clustering phenomenon, that is, the closer the relationship, the higher the incidence rate, but its onset is often caused by the combined action of multiple genes and exogenous factors.

envirnmental factor

It is caused by pathogenic factors such as indoor allergens (domestic pets, cockroaches, etc.), outdoor allergens (pollen, grass pollen, etc.), occupational allergens (paint, reactive dyes, etc.), food (fish, shrimp, eggs, milk, etc.), and drugs (aspirin, antibiotics, etc.).

Non-pathogenic factors such as air pollution, smoking, exercise, obesity, etc. may also trigger asthma.

Patients should seek medical attention promptly when they feel wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, or when asthma symptoms worsen or interfere with their daily lives. They should also seek medical attention promptly when they are awakened at night by suffocation and need emergency medication or when they experience adverse reactions after taking asthma medication.

Recurrent attacks of wheezing and shortness of breath, with or without chest tightness or coughing, often occur at night and in the morning and are often related to contact with allergens, cold air, physical and chemical stimulation, upper respiratory tract infection, exercise, etc.

During an attack, scattered or diffuse wheezing sounds can be heard in both lungs, and the expiratory phase is prolonged.

The above symptoms and signs can be relieved by treatment or on their own.

Most of the patients are middle-aged and elderly people, and most of them have a long history of coughing and expectoration, and the symptoms are aggravated in cold seasons. If a person coughs for more than three months a year for two consecutive years and other causes of coughing and expectoration are ruled out, he or she can be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis.

If there is persistent airflow limitation (FEV1/FVC < 70% after using bronchodilators during the stable period), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is diagnosed.