My subjects are too rebellious!

The clarified and filtered syrup becomes clearer and more transparent, and the next step is the "cooking" process.

Qin Chuan instructed the craftsmen to continue heating the syrup and stirring it constantly to prevent it from clumping or burning.

As the water evaporates further, the syrup gradually becomes thicker and its color changes from light yellow to dark brown.

When the syrup reached a certain concentration, Qin Chuan signaled the craftsmen to stop heating and start the "crystallization" operation.

He asked the craftsmen to pour the syrup into a special crystallization basin and induce the sugar to crystallize through natural cooling or by adding an appropriate amount of seed crystals.

As time goes by, tiny sugar grains gradually appear in the basin, which is the initial formation of white sugar.

The last step is "separation and drying".

Qin Chuan instructed the craftsmen to use a sieve to separate the sugar granules from the remaining syrup, and then put the sugar granules into a dry room to dry to remove excess moisture.

After this series of delicate operations, snow-white and crystal clear sugars are born.

Li Qiliang looked at the pile of sugar in front of him, his heart filled with shock and joy.

"Your Majesty is truly a god!"

Li Qiliang bowed again, his tone full of admiration: "I will do my best to promote this technology throughout the country and benefit all people!"

...........

After the successful teaching of sugar-making technology, Qin Chuan once again opened the chapter on glass making in the Encyclopedia.

"Minister Li, glass is a magical substance. It is transparent, hard, and can refract colorful light."

"That's what's called colored glaze."

Qin Chuan patted Li Qiliang on the shoulder and said with a smile: "Next, I will show you how to transform raw materials such as sand and limestone into fine glass from scratch."

First, Qin Chuan instructed the craftsmen to prepare the raw materials.

He emphasized that the main component of glass is silicate, so pure sand must be used as the main material, and it must be combined with appropriate amounts of limestone and other fluxes.

After careful selection and proportioning, these raw materials are sent into a high-temperature furnace.

"The furnace is a key piece of equipment for glass production and must be able to withstand extremely high temperatures."

Qin Chuan explained: "We need to heat the raw materials to a temperature high enough to melt them, usually more than a thousand degrees Celsius."

As the flames in the furnace burned fiercely, the raw materials gradually melted and formed a viscous liquid.

Glass melt.

At this time, Qin Chuan asked the craftsmen to carefully control the temperature to maintain the stable temperature and fluidity of the melt.

Next is the molding stage. Qin Chuan demonstrated a variety of glass molding techniques, including blowing, pouring, pressing, etc.

He first demonstrated glass blowing, an ancient and classic glass forming process.

Craftsmen insert a long iron tube, called a blowpipe, into the melt, dip it in an appropriate amount of molten glass, and then blow air quickly to condense the melt and shape it into a tube or other shape.

In addition to the blowing method, Qin Chuan also introduced other molding techniques such as casting and pressing.

The casting method is suitable for making flat glass or large vessels, while the pressing method can produce glass products with more complex and delicate shapes.

The final step is annealing and cooling.

Qin Chuan emphasized that annealing is an indispensable part of glass production. It can gradually release internal stress in the glass during the cooling process to avoid cracks or deformation.

Therefore, craftsmen must put the formed glass products into an annealing kiln, and after a period of slow cooling, take them out for subsequent processing and polishing.

With Qin Chuan's careful guidance and the joint efforts of Li Qiliang and the craftsmen, the Royal Workshop finally successfully produced the first batch of glass products.

These glass products are crystal clear and colorful, which is breathtaking.

Li Qiliang looked at these exquisite glass products with excitement in his heart.

Although he couldn't understand a lot of what Qin Chuan said, the craftsmen couldn't understand it either.

But it doesn’t matter.

Because he had seen with his own eyes how each step was done, he recorded it according to what he saw.

...........

After learning about sugar, salt and glass, Qin Chuan set his sights on soap.

"Minister Li, soap is an indispensable cleaning product in our daily life."

Qin Chuan smiled and introduced it to Li Qiliang: "It can not only effectively remove dirt, but also keep the skin refreshed and moisturized."

"Next, I will show you how to make this magical item."

Qin Chuan first listed the main raw materials needed to make soap.

Tallow, also known as lard, lye, usually potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide extracted with water from wood ash, water, and optional flavors and coloring.

Lye is responsible for breaking down oils into soap and glycerin, the key chemical reaction in soap making.

First, the oil needs to be heated to a molten state so that it can be thoroughly mixed with the lye.

Meanwhile, the ash water is filtered and boiled to extract pure lye.

This step requires special care, as the lye solution is highly corrosive.

When both the oil and lye were ready, Qin Chuan instructed the craftsmen to mix the two together slowly and evenly, stirring constantly to prevent lumps.

As the reaction proceeds, the mixture will gradually increase in temperature and develop a cream-like texture, indicating that the saponification reaction has begun.

In order to speed up the reaction process and ensure the quality of the soap, Qin Chuan also introduced the method of adding salt.

Salt can cause the water in the soap to separate out and help form a harder soap body.

At the same time, he also encouraged artisans to experiment with adding different spices and pigments to create soaps with unique scents and colors.

During the stirring and heating process, craftsmen need to remain patient and focused, because the entire saponification reaction may take several hours or even longer to complete.

When the mixture became viscous enough and there were no longer obvious oil droplets, Qin Chuan indicated that heating could be stopped and stirring could be continued for a while to ensure that the reaction was fully carried out.

The final step is shaping and drying.

Qin Chuan asked the craftsmen to pour the saponified mixture into the mold and take it out after it cooled and solidified.

The newly made soap also needs to be placed in a ventilated and dry place for a period of time to further remove excess moisture and make it harder and more durable.

Not only do these soaps look beautiful and smell great, they clean exceptionally well.

At this moment, Li Qiliang and the craftsmen's eyes changed when they looked at Qin Chuan.

The gaze seemed to be looking at a deity.

At this moment, they truly believed that Qin Chuan was truly the Son of Heaven.

Son of God.

At this moment, Qin Chuan was still flipping through the encyclopedia, not knowing what they were thinking.

If he knew, I wonder what he would think?