The short videos I watched from all dynasties

Li Ranran refreshed the homepage again and again and accidentally clicked on a long video.

“I don’t want to watch a long video.” But after taking a look at the title, I felt that it was something I didn’t know, so I clicked in to take a look.

【Why is it said that without Shao, there can be no Ya? 】

[There is a place with a flourishing literary style and many talented people. People value reading and pursuing fame, but it is difficult to pass the imperial examination. The contradiction between people and the land is fierce, life is hard, and kinship identity is very important.

It is Shaoxing.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties in my country, the consensus among all local officials was that if a county magistrate did not have a legal advisor, his county government would not be able to function.

Even this saying in official circles is still popular today: There can be no yamen without Shao.

The development of Shaoxing legal advisors, a highly regional and professional group of staff, began in the Ming Dynasty, flourished in the Qing Dynasty, and declined in the early days of the Republic of my country. They were active in the ruling institutions of China's feudal dynasties for three to four hundred years and were an important part of the staff class of China's feudal government.

Failed scholars needed government officials to make a living, and government officials also needed failed scholars to serve as their advisors.

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the literati in eastern Zhejiang became a political force second only to the nobles in Huaixi, occupying important departments of the six ministries and provinces. Because Shaoxing is the capital of eastern Zhejiang, the proportion of these literati in eastern Zhejiang is very large.

In the later years of Zhu Yuanzhang, scholars from eastern Zhejiang, especially those from Shaoxing, became the main group of the six ministries of the imperial court. When the Ming Dynasty entered the Wanli period, the influence of scholars from Shaoxing not only continued, but also grew steadily. It was said that "once you enter the government office, you will be surrounded by people from Shaoxing."1

The clerks of the six ministries of the imperial court and the advisors of government officials were all from Shaoxing, and thus the Shaoxing literati formed a class of people who were closely related to each other. Their scale even spread all over the country, and their reputation was so great that over time they formed a special title "Shaoxing advisors".

"The root of order and chaos in the world lies in Shaoxing."2

Local officials in the Ming and Qing dynasties needed criminal law and finance to govern a county. Local officials in the Ming and Qing dynasties often needed an experienced, well-informed and well-connected legal advisor to help them.

Xu Wei, one of the "Three Great Talents of the Ming Dynasty", was a genius who could write thousands of words at the age of ten, but he failed the provincial examinations many times and could not become an official. After middle age, Xu Wenchang became the advisor (staff) of Hu Zongxian, the governor of Zhejiang Province, and assisted Hu Zongxian in fighting against the Japanese invaders. He also wrote congratulatory letters and poems for Hu Zongxian. During his time as Hu Zongxian's staff, he "knew military knowledge and was good at making strange plans" and made many achievements.

After Hu Zongxian was imprisoned, he went to the capital at the invitation of Li Chunfang, the Minister of Rites. The following year, he resigned and returned to his hometown because of his personality differences with Li Chunfang. After Hu Zongxian was imprisoned and died, Xu Wei suffered from madness, behaved extremely bizarrely, despaired of the world, and attempted suicide many times but failed. Suspecting that his step-wife Zhang was unfaithful, he killed her and was imprisoned for seven years. After Xu Wei was released from prison, he did not change his habits, his madness relapsed, and he often engaged in self-mutilation. After being released from prison, he did not change his habits, his madness relapsed, and he often engaged in self-mutilation. He finally died of depression due to poverty and illness.

During the Qing Dynasty, Shaoxing lawyers reached their peak, to the point where "no Shaoxing lawyers can't run a government office". A "secret study" emerged among lawyers in the Qing Dynasty, and textbook-like books written by many Shaoxing lawyers, such as Wang Huizu's "Assisting in Governance" and "Xuezhi Yishuo" and Wang Yinting's "Answering Cases" and "Xingqian Bijie", became very popular.

Wu Sidao, who was born in Shaoxing, also failed to pass the imperial examination for many years. During the reigns of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Yongzheng, he served as the legal advisor to Tian Wenjing, the governor of Henan Province, and was fully responsible for all of Tian Wenjing's memorials. Emperor Yongzheng's favor towards Tian Wenjing grew day by day, and he once wrote on Tian Wenjing's memorial: "I am well, how is Mr. Wu?" This shows that most high-ranking officials in the Qing Dynasty could not do without legal advisors. 】

＜People from Shaoxing passing by＞

＜The level of the imperial examination in Shaoxing is really incomparable. During the Ming Dynasty, the number of Jinshi in Shaoxing Prefecture ranked second in the country and first in Zhejiang. It's hard to pass the exam [covering face]＞

＜It must be said that Shaoxing literati are really famous, such as: Xu Wei, Wang Yangming, Lu Xun, Zhu Ziqing...＞

＜Friends of the Court＞

＜up didn't go into detail. To talk about legal advisors, we must talk about the formation of the clerk system. Zhu Di restricted the origins of clerks, and those candidates and scholars who had no future became clerks＞

＜The county magistrate needs an accountant and a legal advisor to govern, and the legal advisor is a perfect fit. Moreover, the legal advisor has no staff, and the county magistrate has to spend money to hire him, which is equivalent to hiring a group of secretaries and retainers＞

<I recommend a book, Officialdom Unmasked, which contains many descriptions about legal advisors>

＜My first reaction when I saw Master was the Master played by Ge You in Let the Bullets Fly [smile]＞

＜Xu Wei was a real tough guy, and he was also the teacher of the famous Ming general Li Rusong, teaching Li Rusong how to fight the Japanese＞

＜I am willing to be a running dog of Qingteng＞

＜It's a pity that Xu Wenchang went crazy in the end. Xu Wenchang, Hu Zongxian and Qi Jiguang were all great anti-Japanese fighters at that time＞

＜Thanks to the Qing Dynasty's system of maintaining integrity, otherwise Tian Wenjing really couldn't afford to support a legal advisor hhh＞

＜The most famous legal advisor in the Qing Dynasty was Wang Huizu, who appointed 18 people as legal advisors, and their salaries were more than the official salary of the county magistrate...＞

＜Shouldn’t Zuo Zongtang be the most awesome? He rose from a legal advisor to a provincial governor [thumbs-up]＞

＜That is to say, the person who makes decisions in the local areas of the Qing Dynasty is the legal advisor. The legal advisor has real power but does not have to bear any responsibility. Wow, that's really cool.＞

＜Harm, three years of clean government, 100,000 silver coins＞

......

Li Ranran exclaimed: "I have always known about the Ming and Qing masters. Today I finally know the role of the master. Moreover, the master is a contract worker. I thought it was a regular position."

"But the network of connections of the masters is really huge."

The people of Guangmu didn't care much about the legal advisors, but were surprised that they had become the actual rulers of the place. Suddenly, the shortcomings of the legal advisors were exposed to everyone.

Shaoxing has many literati, and the literary style is strong this time.

What Kangxi was most concerned about was: which prince could be the Yongzheng who was mentioned many times by Guangmu?

----

Ming Dynasty Hongwu 27th year

Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to glare at Zhu Di, but he didn't see anyone. Then he remembered that his sons had been driven out to supervise the management of the Yellow River. He was the only one left looking at the light curtain.

A scholar from eastern Zhejiang.

Zhu Yuanzhang had conflicts with this group of literati. Jiangsu and Zhejiang were not only economically developed and tax-rich areas, but also had good academic performance, and the proportion of people in these areas who passed the imperial examinations was much higher than that in other areas. When the Ming Dynasty was first established, the southerners and northerners still needed to get along, and the proportion of southerners who passed the imperial examinations was higher than that of northerners.

Therefore, a policy of suppression was adopted against the literati in eastern Zhejiang.

An idea flashed through Zhu Yuanzhang's mind: how about setting up a North-South list?

----

Ming Dynasty, the 26th year of Jiajing

Zhu Houcong was very satisfied with his own vision, and I said that Hu Zongxian was capable and could fight against the Japanese pirates! It turned out to be true!

As for his subsequent imprisonment, Zhu Houcong pretended not to see it. It was nothing more than a party dispute. Now that Hu Zongxian had received the prophecy, he would definitely act more cautiously and no one would be able to find fault with him.

This Xu Wei is quite interesting. After Hu Zongxian succeeded in fighting against the Japanese pirates, he asked him to bring Xu Wei to Beijing. He must have a good background. Now that Xu Wei and Qi Jiguang are here, it won't be difficult to deal with the Japanese pirates.

Xu Wei was still teaching in a private school to make a living. Hu Zongxian saw the light curtain and sent people to inquire around, wanting to recruit him as a staff member. After Xu Wei learned his choice from the light curtain, he took the initiative to go to Hu Zongxian's invitation. He understood that this was an opportunity to change his fate.

In this time and space, Hu Zongxian was appointed as the Inspector Censor of Zhejiang by Emperor Jiajing in advance, and Xu Wei also entered Hu Zongxian's court in advance.

----

Qing Dynasty Qianlong

These phenomena have become tacitly accepted. Although the clerks are of low rank, they have great political influence.

"Local officials are in charge of officials, and legal advisors are in charge of doing things."

Qianlong thought about it seriously. The court spent a lot of money on maintaining integrity every year. Why not reform the system of legal advisors and allow legal advisors to be officially appointed by the court?

Note: 1 "Wanli Yehuobian, Volume 2"; Chen Longzheng