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"Song of Everlasting Sorrow" is a famous poem by Bai Juyi. It was written in the first year of Yuanhe (806) when the poet was serving as a county lieutenant in Zhuoying County (now Zhouzhi, Shaanxi). This poem was written when he and his friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu visited Xianyou Temple and were inspired by the story of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and Yang Guifei. In this long narrative poem, the author uses refined language, beautiful images, and a combination of narrative and lyricism to describe the love tragedy of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and Yang Guifei during the Anshi Rebellion: their love was ruined by the rebellion they caused, and they are endlessly suffering the spiritual consequences. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang and Yang Guifei are both historical figures. The poet is not bound by history, but borrows a little bit of history, based on the legends of the people at that time and the singing of the streets, and transforms it into a tortuous and moving story, which he describes and sings in a repetitive and lingering artistic form. Because the stories and characters in the poems are artistic and are a complex and realistic representation of real people, they are able to create ripples in the hearts of readers of all generations.

The Song of Everlasting Regret is a song about everlasting resentment. Everlasting resentment is the theme of the poem, the focus of the story, and a seed that touches people's hearts. The poet does not directly describe or express what he hates and why he wants to "hate it forever", but shows it to readers layer by layer through the poetic story in his pen, allowing people to guess, savor, and feel it for themselves. The first sentence of the poem is "The Emperor of Han values ​​beauty and wants to conquer the country". It seems very ordinary, as if the story should start from here, and the author does not need to spend any thought. In fact, these seven words are very meaningful and are the outline of the whole poem. It not only reveals the tragic factors of the story, but also evokes and guides the whole poem. Then, the poet uses extremely concise language to describe how Emperor Xuanzong of Tang valued beauty and sought beauty before the An-Shi Rebellion, and finally got Yang Guifei, who "looked back and smiled, and was charming, and the six palace beauties were pale in comparison". It describes Yang Guifei's beauty and charm. After entering the palace, she was favored because of her beauty. Not only did she "receive new grace", but also "her sisters and brothers were all given land". The author repeatedly describes how Emperor Xuanzong indulged himself in lust, how he enjoyed himself, and how he indulged in singing, dancing, drinking and sex in the palace after he got the imperial concubine. All these led to the An-Shi Rebellion: "The drums of Yuyang shook the earth, and the song of colorful clothes and feathered robes was broken". This part describes the internal cause of "long hatred" and is the basis of the tragic story. Through this realistic description of life in the palace, the poet introduces the hero and heroine of the story to us with irony: an emperor who values ​​beauty over the country, and a charming concubine who relies on her favor. It also vividly suggests to us that Emperor Xuanzong's obsession with beauty and his failure to rule the country is the root cause of this tragedy.

Next, the poet describes in detail the scene of the emperor's hasty escape to the southwest after the An-Shi Rebellion, especially the destruction of the love between Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei during this turmoil. "The six armies refused to move, and there was nothing they could do. The beautiful lady died before the horse. Her hairpins were scattered on the ground, and no one picked them up. The green parrot and the golden sparrow scratched her head with jade. The emperor covered his face and could not save her. Looking back, he saw blood and tears flowing together." This is the scene of their separation at Mawei Slope. "The six armies refused to move" and demanded the execution of Yang Guifei, because they were angry that Emperor Xuanzong was obsessed with women and brought disaster to the country and the people. The death of Yang Guifei is a key plot in the whole story. After that, their love became a tragedy. Then, from "the yellow dust is scattered and the wind is bleak" to "the soul has never come into the dream", the poet grasped the heart-wrenching "hatred" in the character's spiritual world, and used a sad and moving tone to describe and describe the loneliness and sadness of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang in Shuzhong after Yang Guifei's death, the nostalgia on the way back to the capital, the feelings of seeing things and thinking of people after returning to the palace, and the various feelings of things changing and people changing all year round. The lingering love makes people feel heartbroken. It is precisely because the poet has exaggerated the emotions of the characters to such an extent that the arrival of the Taoist priest and the appearance of the fairyland later give people a sense of reality, and they are not just castles in the air.

From "The Taoist Hongdu Ke from Linqiong" to the end of the poem, it describes the Taoist helping Emperor Xuanzong of Tang to find Yang Guifei. The poet uses a romantic approach, suddenly going up to the sky, suddenly going down to the earth, "the sky is blue and the underworld is dark, both are invisible". Later, Yang Guifei was found on the ethereal fairy mountain on the sea, and she reappeared in the fairyland with the image of "a jade face with tears, a pear blossom with spring rain", and she greeted the Han envoys with great care, expressed her feelings, reaffirmed her previous oath, responded to Emperor Xuanzong's thoughts for her, and further deepened and exaggerated the theme of "eternal regret". At the end of the poem, the poem ends with "the eternity of heaven and earth will end someday, but this regret will last forever", pointing out the theme, responding to the beginning, and achieving "clear sound and surplus", giving readers room for association and aftertaste.

The first thing that gives us the enjoyment of artistic beauty in "Song of Everlasting Regret" is the moving story in the poem, which is the exquisite and unique artistic conception of the poem. The whole poem is centered on "everlasting regret", but the poet starts with "attaching importance to beauty" and tries his best to describe and exaggerate it. "Getting up early in the morning", "not attending court early", "staying up all night", "not being able to see enough", etc., seem to be extremely happy, like a comedy, but the extreme happiness is a contrast to the endless hatred behind. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang's debauchery and mismanagement of the country led to a political tragedy, which in turn led to the love tragedy between him and Yang Guifei. The creator of the tragedy finally became the protagonist of the tragedy. This is the special and tortuous part of the story, and it is also the reason why the hero and heroine in the poem have "everlasting regret". In the past, many people said that "Song of Everlasting Regret" has ironic meaning, and the irony of this poem lies here. So, how does the poet express "everlasting regret"? The poet depicted the death of Yang Guifei at Mawei Slope in great detail, and expressed the inner contradiction and painful feelings of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, who could not bear to give up his love but could not save her. Because of this "blood and tears flowing together" of death, there is endless hatred. Later, the poet used a lot of words to repeatedly exaggerate Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty's longing for Yang Guifei from all aspects, but the plot of the poem did not stop at one emotional point, but with the layers of display of the inner world of the characters, sensing the constant changes of his scenery, moving time and story forward, and using the thoughts and feelings of the characters to develop and promote the development of the plot. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty fled to Shu after the death, and his heart was very sad and miserable; on the way back to the capital, he revisited the old place and evoked sad memories; after returning to the palace, he was sad when he saw things during the day and couldn't sleep at night. Thinking about it day and night but couldn't get it, so he placed his hope in dreams, but it was "the long separation of life and death for years, and the soul never came into the dream". At this point, the poem has already written the "hate" of "long-lasting hate" very movingly, and it seems that the story can end here. However, the poet's pen turns and he creates a new realm. With the help of the wings of imagination, he conceives a charming and moving fairyland, pushing the plot of the tragic story to a climax, making the story more tortuous, with ups and downs. This turn is both unexpected and reasonable. Due to the constant contradictions and collisions between subjective wishes and objective reality, the poem expresses the characters' psychological twists and turns vividly, and the story becomes more moving and touching.

"Song of Everlasting Sorrow" is a narrative poem with a strong lyrical component. In narrating the story and shaping the characters, the poet adopted the lyrical techniques that Chinese traditional poetry is good at, combining narrative, scenery and lyricism harmoniously, forming the characteristic of the poem's lyrical loop. The poet sometimes injects the character's thoughts and feelings into the scenery, using the refraction of the scenery to set off the character's mood; sometimes he seizes the characteristic scenery and things around the character, and expresses the inner feelings through the character's feelings about them, rendering them layer by layer, and appropriately expressing the difficult-to-reach feelings accumulated in the character's heart. On the way to flee to the southwest, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang was surrounded by yellow dust, plank roads, and high mountains. The sun was dim, the flags were dim, and the autumn scenery was bleak. This is to use the sad autumn scenery to set off the character's sadness. In Shu, facing the green mountains and clear waters, he still couldn't forget them day and night. The mountains and waters in Shu were originally beautiful, but in the eyes of the lonely and sad Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, the "green" of the mountains and the "blue" of the waters were also sad. The beauty of nature should be enjoyed with a peaceful state of mind, but he didn't have it, so it increased his inner pain. This is to write about sadness through beautiful scenery, which deepens the emotion. The moonlight in the palace and the bell sound in the rainy night are already very arousing. The poet grasps these ordinary but characteristic things and brings people into a sad and heartbroken state. In addition, the sight and smell, the color and sound, are intertwined with each other, and the language and tone also show the inner sorrow and desolation of the characters, which is another layer. On the way back to the capital, "the sky is spinning and the earth is turning", which should be a happy thing, but when he revisited the old place, he couldn't see the beautiful face, and couldn't help crying. In the narrative, another layer of painful memories is added. After returning to Chang'an, "the ponds and gardens are still the same, the lotus in Taiye Lake and the willows in Weiyang Palace. The lotus is like a face and the willow is like an eyebrow. How can I not shed tears for this?" In the daytime, triggered by the environment and scenery, the scenery reminds me of the person. The scenery remains the same, but the person is gone. I can't help but shed tears. From the lotus in Taiye Lake and the weeping willows in Weiyang Palace, it seems that I can see the appearance of Yang Guifei, showing the extremely complex and subtle inner activities of the characters. "Fireflies fly in the evening palace, and I am thinking quietly. The lonely lamp is lit but I can't fall asleep. The bells and drums are late at the beginning of the long night, and the stars are about to dawn." From dusk to dawn, it focuses on the scene of being lingering in love and unable to fall asleep for a long time at night. This kind of bitter longing is like this "when the spring breeze blows and the peach and plum blossoms bloom" and "when the autumn rain falls on the parasol trees". When I saw that the "disciples of the Pear Garden" and "Ajian Qing'e" of the past had white hair and old faces, it aroused my longing for the past joy, and I was naturally sad. From the scattered yellow dust to the green mountains of Shu, from the night rain in the palace to the triumphant return, from day to night, from spring to autumn, everything touches the heart and reminds the poet of the person. The poet repeatedly depicts the protagonist's hard pursuit and search from all aspects. If he can't find it in real life, he will look for it in his dreams. If he can't find it in his dreams, he will look for it in the fairyland. Such ups and downs and layers of rendering make the character's emotions rise and reach a climax. It is through such layers of rendering, repeated lyricism, and back and forth that the poet makes the character's thoughts and feelings more profound and rich, making the poem "delicate" and more artistically appealing.