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9. The concept of compulsory education;

Compulsory education refers to the national education that all school-age children and teenagers must receive according to legal provisions and must be guaranteed by the state, society, schools and families. Its essence is a system of compulsory education for a certain period of time implemented by the state for school-age children and teenagers in accordance with the provisions of the law.

Our country's current basic education includes early childhood education, compulsory education, and general high school education. Compulsory education covers primary school and junior high school education.

Characteristics of compulsory education: compulsory (the most essential characteristic),} the most basic characteristic

Universality, freeness}

public, basic

Capitalist society took the lead in creating a compulsory education system. Germany and Prussia at that time were the first countries in the world to implement compulsory education.

The legal guarantee of compulsory education in our country is the "Compulsory Education Law of the People's Republic of China". It was passed in 1986. This marks that our country has established a compulsory education system, and also marks that our country’s basic education has reached a new stage.

Basic methods of educational research

1. Observation method; it is a basic research method widely used in educational research.

Observation can be divided into natural observation and experimental observation according to whether the environmental conditions of observation are controlled and changed (whether the observation conditions are artificially controlled).

Whether to use instruments and equipment for direct observation can be divided into direct observation and indirect observation.

Observation can be divided into participant observation and non-participant observation according to whether the observer is directly involved in the activities of the observed object (whether the observer is directly involved in the activity)

Depending on whether the observation content has a unified design and whether there are certain structured observation items and requirements, observation can be divided into structured observation and unstructured observation.

Depending on whether the observation activities are regular or not, observation can be divided into systematic observation and non-systematic observation.

2. Survey method: The survey method is that the researcher collects relevant information about the research object in a purposeful and planned manner through questionnaires, interviews, etc., and organizes and analyzes the obtained information, so as to reveal the essence and laws of things and seek solutions. Research methods for solutions to practical problems.

According to the selection scope of the survey objects, the survey can be divided into general survey, sample survey and case survey.

According to the content of the survey, the survey can be divided into current situation survey, related survey, development survey and forecast survey

According to the survey method and means, the survey can be divided into questionnaire survey, interview survey, measurement survey and questionnaire method.

3. Historical law.

The historical method is a research method in which researchers collect historical facts about the occurrence, development and evolution of a certain educational phenomenon and conduct systematic and objective analysis and research to reveal its essence and development rules.

4. Experimental method.

The experimental method is a research method in which the researcher reasonably controls or creates certain conditions according to the research purpose, artificially affecting the research object, thereby verifying the hypothesis and exploring the causal relationship between the conditions and the educational object.

5. Action research method

Action research method refers to a research method in which teachers independently conduct reflective exploration in real education and teaching situations, with the main purpose of solving specific practical problems in work situations. He emphasized that the integration of research and activities enables teachers to learn, think, try and solve problems from the work process.

In 1922, the Renxu academic system (also known as the new academic system, or the academic system) was promulgated. That is six years of primary school, three years of junior high school, and three years of high school. It is clarified that the laws of physical and mental development of school-age children and adolescents are used as the basis for dividing school education stages. This is the first time in the history of our country’s modern school system. It was used until the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is the longest-running and most influential academic system in China's modern history.