Back to the Republic of China to be a editor

"The First Army is going to be transferred there, but not now." Chiang Kai-shek said, "You still have to do one thing for me, that is, to draw capable men from the First, Second, and Third Armies to expand my Presidential Guard Army. Expand to 5000 people. The manpower must be both loyal and capable. After the guard army is established, you can transfer the First Army to the south."

Chapter 7, Uranium Capital of China

"The U.S. military stationed in Taiwan currently has the main combat function of the 13th Air Force, which belongs to the Far East Air Force. However, although it is called an air force, its scale is not as large as the 5th Air Force active in the Korean Peninsula. In fact, Its strength is probably a fighter wing, a reconnaissance/bomber wing, and an aircraft carrier air wing nominally under its command. And not all of its fighter wings are in Taiwan. Except for the 13th aviation Outside the team, the other American soldiers on Taiwan Island are the US Military Advisory Group, headed by Major General William Childs. Of course, this advisory group is very large. It was established in May 1951. After one and a half years, the total number of people has now reached More than 5 people."

A small meeting of Li Kenong, Tang Hua, and Su Yu, acting chief of the General Staff and Zhang Zhen, head of the General Staff's Operations Department.It mainly discusses Taiwan's current military situation and its development in the next six months or so.

"The 13th Air Force is now being gradually transferred to Japan and Busan. Part of the 13th Air Force is stationed in Taipei, but their current duties are more like foreign instructors of the Chiang Kai-shek Air Force. In the eyes of the US Air Force, the National Army Air Force Both the technical level of the aircraft and the tactical ability of the pilots are fully qualified, which is higher than that of the South Korean Air Force. Therefore, there is really no need to use the US Air Force's own aircraft to station in Taiwan."

"How will the strength of the 13th Air Force and the National Army Air Force increase in half a year?" Zhang Zhen asked.

"Now the 13th Air Force's combat aircraft in Taiwan are 20 F-84 fighters and 6 A-26 attack/bombers. After half a year, it should still be of this size," Tang Hua said, "because the 13th Air Force is now mainly responsible for The instructors and training partners of the National Army Air Force, the F-84 fighter jets are used by U.S. pilots to fly to the sky to train the national army fighter jets in air combat; the A-26 attack aircraft is used to simulate our army’s bombers—the Tu-2 should be simulated, and then let Taiwan fighter pilots practicing how to intercept bombers."

"The air force of the national army has complete information now. I will only give a summary. The number of F-86 fighter jets has been increasing rapidly in the past year. There are now 72 F-86 fighters. After half a year, there should be 120 or 96 fighters. There are 84 F-80 fighter jets and 80 F-60 fighter jets. The F-80 has lagged behind in air combat performance, and the U.S. military basically uses it as a light attack aircraft, as does the Taiwan Air Force. If the F-84 faces The propeller fighter still has good air combat effectiveness, but if it is against the MiG-15 and MiG-15bis, then I think it is better to use it as an attack aircraft. The total amount of US military aid requested by Chiang Kai-shek for the test launch has already Blast off the charts, they will not introduce F-80 and F-84 when they introduce aircraft, and these two types of aircraft will still be the same number after half a year. There are about 25 B-30 medium bombers and 24 B-10 heavy bombers , There are 26 A-20 attack aircraft. By the way, at the time of statistics, the P-51 fighter jets of the national army were included in the ranks of light attack aircraft, and there are about 100 of these aircraft.”

"These planes are huge... Are the two anti-aircraft missile regiments and two anti-aircraft artillery regiments of the 61st Anti-aircraft Artillery Division enough?" Zhang Zhen asked.

"The 61st Antiaircraft Artillery Division will prepare the whole division to cross the sea and establish a position on the island after the battle begins." Su Yu thought for a while, "If the 61st Division is all gone, there will only be an independent antiaircraft artillery regiment left in Penghu.  … Apply to add another Hongqi-2 regiment to the Penghu Islands, and instead of attacking with the landing troops, they will keep guarding the sky over Penghu. The key is to ensure the safety of Penghu Bay.”

Zhang Zhen: "One more question: Is the air force of the national army aware of the existence of anti-aircraft missiles? What have their American instructors taught them?"

Tang Hua: "I know about anti-aircraft missiles. The fighter wing of the 13th Air Force also suffered losses over North Korea. There are still 4 pilots in our prisoner-of-war camp from the 13th Air Force. The pilots of the national army talked about the combat power of anti-aircraft missiles. But now it is certain that the U.S. military has not transferred radio interference equipment to the air force of the national army, nor has the first-generation jamming equipment. It has not changed bombers into electronic countermeasures aircraft."

Su Yu: "I also read the recent troop records in Penghu and Xiamen. After the U.S. military intervened in the Taiwan Strait, it was true that national military planes were prohibited from invading areas under our control. The two sets of Hongqi-8 placed in Xiamen in August have no combat records so far. "

……

"We have been tracking the situation of the Nationalist Army who fled to Taiwan, and we have made it clearer." Li Kenong said, "The detailed report is very thick, and I will only focus on the key points here."

"Taiwan's national army has now been reorganized into 5 armies, of which the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd armies have completed training and deployed to various places. The 4th and 5th armies are still being trained by American consultants and will be deployed to defense in February next year. Region. The personnel of the 2th Army has been adjusted. It is estimated that the political review will pass the ordnance at the end of the year, and then start training. If calculated according to the 6 armies, the number of troops after the reorganization and purge of the national army is 6, and the unreorganized troops have 30 people, all weapons of these troops have been confiscated, and they have been farming this year, and qualified soldiers may be selected from them in the future to form new combat troops.”

"Hu Yixuan, the commander of the 1st Army of the National Army, has the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd divisions under his jurisdiction, and is stationed in Taipei. Not long ago, Chiang Kai-shek discussed with Hu Zongnan, the commander-in-chief of the army, to transfer the 1st Army to central and southern Taiwan, but within a month Probably not. He Shitong, the commander of the 2nd Army, has the 4th, 5th, and 6th divisions under his jurisdiction, and is based in Taichung City. Xu Rucheng, the commander of the 3rd Army, has the 7th, 8th, and 9th Divisions under his jurisdiction, and his base is Tainan City. The 2nd and 3rd armies and the youth army whose weapons were confiscated are collectively called the Tainan Defense Group Army, and the commander is Hu Lian."

"Hu Lian... Hu Lian..." Su Yu was too familiar with this name, "This Hu Lian has escaped from my hands many times."

Li Kenong said with a smile: "Especially the two escapes in Kinmen and Penghu were very thrilling. The escape process has become a legend in the Taiwan National Army. This man not only has a keen sense of smell, but also has a great life....Commander Su , don’t let him escape this time.”

"The establishment of Taiwan's New National Army is closer to that of the U.S. Army," Tang Hua said, "but limited by the lack of manpower, it is not as complete as the U.S. Army. The division of the New National Army has three infantry regiments, one tank regiment and two Howitzer battalion, 3 engineer battalion, and 1 reconnaissance battalion. The tank regiment is equipped with American-made 'Sherman' medium tanks, the howitzer battalion is made of American-made 2mm howitzers, and there is an M1 light tank company in the reconnaissance battalion. However, the new national army division The number of vehicles is less than that of the U.S. Army, and there are basically no tracked armored vehicles. But in general, the equipment of these new national troops is much better than that of the U.S. Army’s American military units.”

Zhang Zhen: "The first wave we went ashore was the PT-76 amphibious tank. Its main gun can penetrate the 'Sherman', but the Sherman can also easily penetrate the PT-76. When this battle is fought, we It is still not possible to rely solely on tanks to rush forward, and infantry anti-tank rocket launchers still have to keep up."

……

The Taiwan campaign, which started only a few months later, is now being closely planned in the offices of the General Staff and the Military Commission in Beijing.

But after all, it will be a few months before the full-scale fight.Before the red flag was planted in Taipei, the State Planning Commission was going to go to work, the T53 computer was going to be released, the Beijing Computer Institute was tinkering with chips, Shanghai and Suzhou were improving hard drives... In addition to the computer institute and the Ministry of Heavy Industry, Tang Hua was recruited by the two months ago. One thing, there was an echo today.

"Hello, Academician Li" "Hello, Academician Tang."

Li Siguang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (which has not yet been integrated), met the academicians of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and it is most appropriate to call each other academicians.In fact, both of them are at the ministerial level, and Li Siguang is now the Minister of Geology.There is no word "generation".

"Last time you handed over to me the degree records of the radiation detector when the Air Force flew over Jiangxi. After I studied it, I found it very promising." Li Siguang said, "In September I sent a survey team to Fuzhou, Jiangxi, and sure enough. Discovered something."

Wang Ganchang led a team to North Korea to guide the volunteers to strengthen tunnels against nuclear weapons and establish nuclear contamination detection stations. The Air Force also refitted two Tu-2s and installed radiation detection equipment. Once the US military uses atomic bombs on the front line, radiation detection machines and ground detection stations can work together to quickly detect evidence.During the test flight of the radiation detector, Tang Hua asked Chang Qiankun to fly the two planes over Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province twice. After the pilot Huang Xianzeng got off the plane, he immediately reported to the leader that they found a relatively high gamma anomaly in the Xiangshan area of ​​Fuzhou City. .

"You have checked carefully before takeoff and after landing, and there is no malfunction in the instrument. Therefore, the gamma anomaly exists objectively." Tang Hua said.

Seeing that the pilot and Chang Qiankun were at a loss, Tang Hua explained to them again: "Gamma anomalies detected by aerial instruments indicate that there are radioactive substances in this area, and they are natural. Don't you understand? That is to say, Fuzhou, There are likely to be uranium mines in the mountainous area. You can detect gamma anomalies at the mine at an altitude of 1500 meters, which shows that this uranium mine is not small."

……

Tang Hua took the copy of the radiation detector record back to Beijing and passed it directly to Li Siguang, who became excited.

In 1943, "Shi Bole" Nan Yanzong discovered uranium ore in Huangqiangping, Zhongshan, Guangxi. This was the first time that uranium ore was discovered in my country.Although the several uranium deposits discovered in Guangxi are tiny veins the size of bird droppings, this led Nan Yanzong to propose a new theory, that is, uranium deposits not only exist in in-situ leaching sandstone rock formations, but also may exist in granite Pegmatite, that is, igneous uranium ore.Nan Yanzong died of illness in 1951, but before his death, he perfected his theory and predicted that Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Hunan all had the possibility of discovering uranium deposits with economic value.

Both Li Siguang and Tang Hua knew about Nanyanzong's theory, and Li Siguang also visited the Huangqiangping uranium mine discovered by Nanyanzong.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the team looking for uranium mines concentrated their energy in Guangxi, and found uranium ore veins one after another, but all of them were small or micro-scale veins, which were not enough to support the needs of nuclear weapons and nuclear power.So Tang Hua simply pointed out a shortcut to Li Siguang and asked the Ministry of Geology to go straight to Fuzhou, Jiangxi.

Fuzhou Xiangshan Uranium Mine has a nickname: "Uranium Capital of China".

The small uranium mines in Guangxi eventually became a supporting role. After the 70s in China, the uranium needed for nuclear projects mainly relied on Xiangshan.In the 60s, a rough survey found that the minable reserves of the Xiangshan uranium mine exceeded 71 tons (natural metal uranium), that is, 235 tons of uranium 4.Further surveys later revealed that the total reserves of the Xiangshan uranium mine amounted to 5 to 17 tons, while China's current total uranium reserves are only a little over 160 tons.Australia, which has the largest uranium reserves in the world, has more than [-] million tons.

1 tons of natural uranium (71 tons of uranium 235) can produce 1000 nuclear bombs. As long as nuclear power plants are not built everywhere, a single uranium mine in Xiangshan can support China to become a nuclear power.

"The exploration team found a variety of uranium secondary minerals in Shima Mountain in the Xiangshan area." Li Siguang took out a stack of photos.

"Look, this is area A4, calcium-uranium mica." What Tang Hua saw was the very expensive color hand-over scroll, with clusters of calcium-uranium mica on it, colorful. "A190 area, copper uranium mica."

"In this area, there are no uranium-containing minerals, but the minerals have changed. There is a theory now that the color change of the gangue minerals in the nearby area can be used to find uranium ore. The radioactivity of uranium can turn fluorite into purple and crystal into smoky quartz. , diamonds turn green, topaz turn blue...there is smoky quartz in this photo."

Tang Hua waved his hand to stop Li Siguang who was talking non-stop, "Old Li, Lao Li, okay, I can only comment on the photos of these mines as 'wow, beautiful, wow, beautiful'... I trust your judgment. This matter I need to write a report and send it directly to the prime minister and the chairman. There are many departments involved in uranium mining, and if uranium mining becomes a part of the nuclear weapons project, there will be even more work to be done.”

Li Siguang: "Well, let's write a report first and show it to the chairman and the prime minister. I will quickly organize a large geological team with more people to go to Xiangshan, Fuzhou for further exploration. Not only to confirm the existence of the Xiangshan uranium mine , it would be best to do the distribution of uranium ore and estimate the reserves of uranium ore together.”

After sending Li Siguang away, Tang Hua began to think about what to do in the preliminary preparations.Build a hardened road from Nanchang to Fuzhou first?Or the road from Dongxiang Railway Station to Fuzhou.

In nuclear weapons engineering, the mining of uranium ore and the smelting of natural uranium are not particularly sophisticated.As long as you know how to smelt copper and tungsten, you can extract natural uranium from uranium ore.If the road is repaired, the mine is dug, the ore is produced, and the nuclear weapon project has not yet started, the refined yellow cake (U[-]O[-]) can also be stored in the warehouse until the isotope separation equipment is in place.

It is another long-term project that will not be effective until many years later.

But if you do it now, you can save a lot of time in the future.

Chapter 8, the first meeting of the State Planning Commission

State Planning Commission.

As the general headquarters of the planned economy, the State Planning Commission was established without an inauguration ceremony or a general meeting. Chairman Gao did not come on the first day of work. Vice Chairman Deng Zihui called the members of the State Planning Commission in Beijing for a 20-minute meeting. For a short meeting, everyone will work separately.

"This version of the Five-Year Plan is a draft outline that the Prime Minister and I brought to the Soviet Union. After the Soviet experts reviewed the draft, they proposed revisions, but the Soviet experts have not yet completed their deliberations. We have to wait for Comrade Li Fuchun to return to China before we can know what they think about this plan. What does the plan look like?"

There are 25 booklets on the chief accountant's desk, which describe the development plans of various industrial categories such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, machinery, automobiles, ships, electrical appliances, chemicals, building materials, electric power, and coal.

After the establishment of the State Planning Commission, the Financial and Economic Committee of the Government Administration Council and the relevant departments of the six regions were incorporated into the State Planning Commission to form a staff team.The Financial and Economic Committee of the chief accountant guides the work of the Ministry of Heavy Industry (in fact, he is still the official minister of the Ministry of Heavy Industry). The Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Light Industry, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Water Resources...in short, a bunch of ministers.

The Prime Minister began to write the draft of the five-year plan in 1951. In 1952, he completed the "Draft of the Outline of the Five-Year Plan". After being polished by the chief accountant, he took it to the Soviet Union for review by experts from the Soviet Planning Commission.

"Vice Premier Chen, this is the draft plan for the electronics and communications industry." Tang Hua handed over the brochure in his hand.Adding the original 25, there are now 26 booklets on the table.

The chief accountant didn't say anything, but Tang Hua knew how Soviet experts commented on the "Draft Five-Year Plan Outline".

"The plan you have in hand is not yet a five-year plan, nor even a directive."

Prime Minister, Chief Accountant: ... (cover face)

An expert from the Soviet Planning Commission pointed to the traffic brochure and asked: "In the first five-year plan, you plan to build 1 kilometers of railways. Where will the materials for railway construction be produced? After the railway is put into operation, how many locomotives and wagons do you need? Where are these locomotives and wagons produced, and who will maintain them? Let me just talk about a small problem. You still have a considerable proportion of steam locomotives. Every station must have equipment for feeding coal and boiler water. Where do you plan to solve it? ?”

"Comrade Li Fuchun is still inspecting the Soviet Union, and Soviet comrades are also deliberating and studying our draft outline of the five-year plan. He will not be able to come back this year." The chief accountant said, "But it will be 1953 in one month, so it cannot be said that the plan is not complete. We don’t care about it after it’s formulated. Make it like this first, ‘while planning, implementing, and revising’. Today’s meeting”