Back to the Republic of China to be a editor

It was in the golden 10th year of the Republic of China that the Hanyang Iron Works was completely finished, and then the Japanese invaded. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Hanyang Iron Works had no value to use.The chairman said that "a piece of white paper just draws a grand blueprint". He first referred to the fact that when Wuhan was preparing to build WISCO, it was found that the Hanyang Iron Works had not left much foundation, so it was better to choose a new place to build a new one.

"Prime Minister: I learned from the call that I will go to Wuhan for inspection in early March, and at the same time, I will also arrange for the Iron and Steel Industry Bureau to send an inspection team from Beijing to Wuhan in early March. There are still some adjustments to the current plan of the Iron and Steel Industry Bureau for Wuhan Iron and Steel. No. 3. The Daye Iron Mine was in a semi-abandoned state during the period of the Republic of China. If WISCO is to meet the iron ore supply required for the design capacity of WISCO when it is put into operation, it is necessary to start construction of a modern iron ore system in Daye earlier. ;Secondly, the relationship between WISCO and the Yangtze River Bridge, the construction period of the two key projects should be coordinated; thirdly, after WISCO is put into production, whether the steel produced can promote the industrialization of Wuhan area. Recently, it is studying with the Shanghai Shipbuilding Industry Bureau Feasibility of building military ships."

"The establishment of submarine and other special ship construction enterprises in Wuhan can prevent key ship enterprises from the danger of nuclear attack by US bombers in recent years. In the future, after I complete the sea and air defense system, building submarines and other national defense secret ships in Wuhan will also help. It can effectively prevent the air surveillance and reconnaissance of hostile countries... This project is expected to be held by the State Council and the National Defense Commission as soon as possible to discuss and determine."

Chapter 203, T52 ready to ship

The Shanghai Computer Institute packed the first batch of two computers sent to the Soviet Union, and waited for the truck to be pulled to the train station to send them away.

The T52 computer cabinet is smaller than the T51, but there is an extra dead-end 14-inch monitor, plus various accessories packing boxes, so it is still a messy mess.

It is still a 51-tube computer. Although the number of transistors is only 10% higher than that of T51, with the increase in operating frequency, the computing power is still doubled compared to T[-].

"Minister Deng, one of these two computers will be sent to the Soviet Children's Palace in Moscow as a toy for Soviet children as usual, and the other will be displayed by you at the exhibition. You can use this computer for demonstration at the exhibition. The computer was sold, but the one given to the Children’s Palace was not sold, no matter how much the price was paid, and the Children’s Palace’s display of the latest computers should become our tradition.”

Deng Fa nodded, "Minister Tang has worked hard to develop a new generation of computers every year. Your Ministry of Electronics and Information Industry is very powerful."

Tang Hua: "When I go to Moscow, Minister Deng will spend the Spring Festival on the train. During the Chinese New Year, everyone else will be on holiday. It will be even harder for you to travel thousands of kilometers to work as a salesman."

Deng Fa: "Our industrial products can be sold to the Soviet Union, and it is such an expensive and advanced computer. The job of a salesman is very proud. ... The theme of the exhibition is to focus on the information management function of the computer and office automation?"

Tang Hua: "Actually, when I was doing sales promotion in person last year, I already drew my attention to this aspect, but the performance of T51 has limitations after all, and T52 is different. It is more suitable for administrative management computers than T51. Moreover, In the current Soviet Union, the market for scientific research computing is not as big as the market for administrative management.”

In 1950 and 1951, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Industry had sold nearly 300 computers to the Soviet Union and 29 to East Germany.By 1951, Tang Hua discovered that the monthly sales of computers began to show a cycle of peaks and troughs. He felt that many research institutes and universities in the Soviet Union felt that the computers they bought were enough.

Currently, computers are mainly used in centrally managed computer rooms. For example, a university buys a computer and puts it in a separate office. It may even set up a department for this computer with two or three employees to manage it.If teachers and graduate students in universities need to use computers, they first write application forms and other allocation machines. Those who can program themselves can use punched paper tape to write the code, and those who can’t program can write out the equations and parameters they want to calculate. Take it to the computer room and ask a programmer to help write the program.When it arrives at its own computer time slot, the computer runs its own program and waits for more than ten minutes or several hours to get the result of the calculation.If your program produces results within 2 minutes, the computer administrator may still scold you for being troublesome, and trouble us with such a simple calculation.

In other words, from the principal's point of view, he would think that one computer is enough for a university.Unless the university is very good, and several science and engineering departments are very large, and everyone beats out their brains when they grab the phone, the principal will decide to buy a second one.

In short, the computer is not the order of magnitude of a large public computer room in the future, and each laboratory has one, but a rare item.Tang Hua estimates that within three to five years, computers will be in this state in Soviet universities and research institutes.

And the central government of the Soviet Union, the local governments, and the governments of the republics... the layer upon layer of structures and departments, if the habit of using computers can be formed, then the sales of computers will be stable in the next few years.

Deng Fa: "The government departments in the Soviet Union are numerous, and the institutions are indeed very large."

Tang Hua: "Speaking of which, our Government Affairs Council system should also be equipped with a small amount of T52..."

T52 does not have a Chinese character system, and can only display English and Russian characters. If you want to store Chinese characters, you must store Chinese character telegraph codes or the pinyin stream used when Tang Hua communicated with Wang Yongjun and Xiao Cao.

But without Chinese characters, it is sometimes possible to carry out some business processes, such as using abbreviations to represent provinces and cities, and even using numbers to number them—unfortunately, the postal code has not yet been formulated.For example, such information is stored in the computer: PK, 1951, G3.35, N2.41, which translates to Beijing’s 1951 industrial output value of 3.35 trillion and agricultural output value of 2.41 trillion.After the Bureau of Statistics has entered the data of each province, using the simple data statistics program now compiled by Shanghai, it can sort the industrial and agricultural output values ​​of each province, calculate the total, calculate the average and growth rate, and so on.

……

"Li Fuli, it will be New Year's Eve in three days. Are you sure you want to go to sea for a sea trial with all the equipment?"

"Minister Tang, it's not only that I want to test the voyage immediately, but also the comrades who received the ship in the navy are also very active, so I don't want to delay this matter at all."

When I came to Shanghai in August, the refitting project of the two "Hua" class frigates was nearing completion.By December 8 and 2, the two ships were refitted, and the shipyard workers were sent to sea for trial voyages.Although it only dared to leave the coast for 12 to 31 kilometers and was covered by Air Force fighter jets, it could still complete the trial project.After testing and refitting the main engine, propulsion shaft, propeller, and motor of the warship, the navy took over the ship. Now the shipyard engineers and naval personnel are jointly manipulating the 32st and 31nd ships.

The project that Li Fuli wants to do now is to test the sea search and fire control radars equipped with anti-ship missiles on ships 31 and 32.

The radar had already been installed during the modification, and the missile fire control computer on the ship was produced by the Beijing Institute and the Beijing Electronics Factory. It had just been shipped to Shanghai in January and was still lying in the warehouse of the Shanghai Computer Institute.

Tang Hua: "In this case, the computer institute will cooperate with your work and install the fire control computer tomorrow."

After hanging up Li Fuli's phone, Tang Hua called Wang Shoujue on the phone and asked him to come down from the stairs.

"The Bureau of Shipbuilding Industry will immediately carry out the sea trials of the radar and fire control computer of the ship-borne missiles. Let's go together tomorrow and install the fire control computer for them."

At the wharf of the East China Navy, Tang Hua and Wang Shoujue saw Ship 31 and Ship 32 moored at the berth one after the other.

After the refitting of the two ships, the paint was newly painted, and the whole body was completely new. At least they looked good.

"Commander Gao," Tang Hua said to Gao Zhirong, commander of the Fourth Fleet of the East China Military Region, while the fire control computer was being unloaded and transported, "the finalization of the entire system was two months later than the air-to-ship version, probably in 2. From November to August, the 1952st ship will be equipped with missiles, and will serve as a missile test ship in the Bohai Sea. From November to December, both ships will be equipped with live ammunition. Your progress has been accelerated, but the missile is still being tested in Wuliangsuhai It’s on. Maybe after a while, your radar and fire control computer are fully assembled, but you just have to rest at the dock for half a year and wait for the missiles to arrive.”

"Let's advance a little bit so that there is still time to adjust slowly if there is any defect in the first sea test radar or the whole system."

Speaking of it... it makes sense.Shipboard radar is quite complicated.

Land-based radars are installed on fixed platforms, and the Hongqi-1 missile system is also parked when it is working.The warship can't stop.In other words, even if the warship is stationary, it will still periodically shake from side to side under the action of sea waves.

This flash can make the problem complicated.

If the Chinese warship is rolling plus or minus three degrees, the radar waves emitted by the shipboard radar will also have plus or minus three degrees of error from the predetermined scanning direction.Then the error is also when receiving the echo. If it is detecting an aircraft, the detected target height may have an error of several hundred meters or even one or two kilometers.

It would be more fun if it is a shipboard radar that searches the sea. If it does not add beam stabilization, then sometimes the radar waves will shine on the sea water. At that time, there will be a warship signal on the screen for a while, and a snowflake for a while.Moreover, the detected position of the enemy ship is not accurate.

It took about 8 months for the shipboard radar modification team of Hangzhou Radar Institute to solve the problem of the stabilizer.Hope it's really resolved.

"The detection range of this radar for large sea targets is 45 kilometers, but the premise is that the target's mast and superstructure are very high and stand in our field of vision." Tang Hua, Wang Shoujue, and three researchers from the Institute of Computer Science, soon The connection between the 31 ship's fire control radar and the fire control computer was installed, "...if you want to conduct a sea test, you can use this printer, and the data transmitted to the missile will be output by this printer. After you get the output result, you can check it. See if you get the right data."

……

On January 1952, 1, the 25st ship and the 31nd ship (an uprising sun-landing coastal defense ship) set sail in the early morning, sailed from the Huangpu River to the Yangtze River, and turned north after going out to sea, and conducted tests on the sea near Qidong.

31舰和22舰都是慢船，以11~12节的龟速慢慢往试验区爬，抵达预定地点已经是上午10点。

第一代反舰导弹威力不大，射程也短。图-2在3000米空射的射程大概36公里，舰射版射程30公里——所以中段制导也是可以不要的。这样可以让图-2射完导弹就掉头跑。

The duty of the fire control radar is to track and lock the enemy ship, and let the fire control computer calculate the distance and speed of the enemy ship. This is somewhat similar to the Hongqi-1, but the parameters to be calculated by the anti-ship missile are simpler than those of the anti-aircraft missile. After all, the battle takes place in two dimension plane.

However, the fire control radar of anti-ship missiles still needs to be counted as a data, which is the advance amount.Assuming that the missile is launched after 20 seconds, plus the time it takes for the missile to fly a certain distance (this distance is given by the ranging function of the radar), then during this time, which point the enemy ship will move has to be calculated, Give the binding parameters, so that the anti-ship missile will go straight to that point after it is launched.Since the range of the missile is only more than 30 kilometers and the speed of the missile is 800 kilometers per hour, in the two minutes or so after the missile is launched, no matter how much the enemy ship twists its butt, it will not leave the predetermined point too far, anyway, it will be at the end of the missile. Within the detection range of the seeker head.

But if the calculation error is too large or the wrong parameters are used when the radar is tracking and locked, then the missile will be shot in vain.

This morning, four MiG-4s were escorting over the test sea area, and one Tu-15 observation plane was monitoring at an altitude of 1 meters. Commander Gao was on board 2, and Wang Shoujue used a walkie-talkie to communicate with 3000 on the shore near the launch.

In the first test, the distance between the 31st ship and the 22nd ship was 25 kilometers. The search radar of the 31st ship had already discovered the 22nd ship. Operation, output a long paper tape.

The second time, the two ships changed the direction of the bow, and then changed the distance, which is now 22 kilometers.Also successfully entered the tracking lock state.

For the third time, after the 31st ship entered the tracking and locking state, about half a minute later, it lost the target...

"Lost the target? What does this mean?" Wang Shoujue asked Commander Gao on the walkie-talkie.

"We searched again to find the target, and we are re-tracking and locking." "...The second tracking is normal..."

the fourth time……

"9 tests, 2 times I lost the target and needed to go back to the search mode and start again. What is the reason?" Tang Hua, who was sitting at the computer, asked in puzzlement after listening to Wang Shoujue's report, "This system and Hongqi-1 It has a technical origin, and the Hongqi-1 flying randomly in the sky with a speed of more than 900 per hour can be locked smoothly."

Wang Shoujue: "This should be a problem with the radar on the 31st ship. We speculate that the radar stabilization device sometimes does not work properly and cannot correct the ship's pitch and roll at all times, so sometimes the warship makes unconventional actions. Shake it, and the continuous wave of the radar will not hit the target ship, and it will be lost."

"If it can be determined that the failure is caused by this reason, it would be the best. Now you can call the comrades from the Hangzhou Institute to come to Shanghai to see what's going on."

It seems that it is not a bad thing to do the test early. If the faults and defects can be found earlier, there will be plenty of time to fix the bugs.

It's just that the shipboard radar project team of the Hangzhou Radar Institute has had a hard time this year...