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Just giving a turning command will cause the missile to be too overloaded and broken. The control surface of the S-25 missile seems to be too efficient.The control rudder surface, that is, the four winglets of the warhead, can be changed to a smaller size. It is a waste to make it so large and the rudder turning efficiency is so high.However, this is obviously not the fastest modification method to make the missile work normally.

Tang Hua decided to disable certain large deflection maneuvers on the software program...

Just delete all the control commands that may cause the missile to turn violently and vibrate, and the plan will work.

However, before the four customized vector machines arrived in Moscow, Tang Hua could not do these tasks and could only conceive them in his head.Since you think about things in your head, it doesn't matter where you are.Therefore, after the missile test was over, Tang Hua hurried back to Moscow without any haste, and went for a walk in Stalingrad not far from the test site.

Standing next to the sculpture "Children's Round Dance" in the city center, Tang Hua praised this classic landmark that he had never been before but was very familiar with.From "Soldiers Under the City" to "Stalingrad" to Call of Duty 5 and Yamaguchi, you can see this landmark sculpture of Stalingrad everywhere. When the Battle of Stalingrad ended in 1943, the sculpture became half-destroyed during the war, and there was no time to restore it after the war. It was not until November 1950 that a new version of "Children's Waltz" was rebuilt.

However, the main purpose of Tang Hua's two-day stay in Stalingrad was neither to walk around nor to travel, nor to pick up girls, but because he looked out from the train on the way from Moscow to Kapustin Yar and found some interesting things. s things.

It was the northwest outskirts of the Grodisheh District of Stalingrad, where the Volga River was divided into several forks by the Jiangxin Continent, and Tang Hua's train passed near these forked rivers.At this time, the Volga River is basically a frozen river, but the thickness of the ice layer varies. Some rivers have thick ice layers that can drive trucks, and some places can at most allow people to skate.But that's not the point. The point is that Tang Hua discovered that there are several small black spots on the banks of the Volga River here, and two of them are moving.

What's more interesting is that at a fork of the Volga River, the ice layer that should have covered the river was blasted away, exposing a river water tens of meters long and more than 100 meters wide.The current temperature is about ten degrees below zero. According to this posture, the ice layer on the river should have been blasted within 48 hours.Such a wide gap in the Volga is obviously not for fishing, but for...

A small black dot, the same shape as the few small black dots Tang Hua saw by the river, was rushing into the exploded Volga River.The driver was probably stepping on the accelerator, black smoke was coming out of the little black spot, and he plunged headlong into the Volga River, chopping the waves in the icy water, struggling to drive to the opposite bank...

PT-76 amphibious tank.

This good thing was accidentally discovered by Tang Hua, so it can be regarded as a treasure unearthed by accident.

In the late World War II, when the Soviet Red Army invaded Eastern Europe, they felt that the rivers in Europe were very difficult to navigate. Building a pontoon bridge would easily delay things and might be blocked by fire from the other side.The water system in Western Europe is denser than that in Eastern Europe, with an average of 40 to 50 kilometers of a river. After the victory of World War II, the Soviet armored forces who planned to fight in Western Europe in the future urgently needed an amphibious tank that could cross rivers and seas at any time.

In 1947, the Soviet Union decided to launch the amphibious tank project. The technical requirements put forward by the Soviet army were: to install a V6 diesel engine, to drive at a speed greater than 40 km/h on land, and at a speed greater than 10 km/h on water, and to complete both land and water travel without preparation. To switch, at least a 76mm long-barreled cannon must be installed, carrying 35~40 rounds of shells.

Not long after, several design bureaus actually designed prototypes that met the design requirements. In June 1950, a scheme competition was launched. At the end of 6, Chelyabinsk's scheme-1950 project won, and it was handed over to Stalingrad Tractor. Factory for prototype production.

It is now January 1951, and the location is Stalingrad. If the estimate is correct, what Tang Hua saw on the way here was the first batch of PT-1 prototypes produced by the Stalingrad Tractor Factory undergoing various driving tests. .

PT-76 is much easier to use than the "big buffalo" that liberated Kinmen and Penghu.

The PT-76 does not use a track with a wave plate to paddle forward, but uses a dedicated propeller.The speed is faster when driving on water, and the track will not always break down because of the strange shape on land.

The PT-76 is equipped with a 76mm long-barreled gun, which is much stronger than the 75mm short howitzer of the Buffalo tank version. The long-barreled gun can directly hit the tank with armor-piercing projectiles, but the howitzer cannot.Of course, the power of the 76mm tank gun is not very high now, but there is no problem at all against the M3, M5, M24 of the Taiwanese army, and even the "Sherman".

Moreover, the PT-76 has a large design margin (in order to ensure that the bidding wins). Our country's Type 63 amphibious tank is an improved version of the imitation. With not too much improvement, the 76 guns were upgraded to 85 guns. In the 21st century, the Type 63 large The magic change actually plugged in a 105mm L7 tank gun - of course the low recoil version.

"Hello, Academician Tang." Romanovich, the resident engineer in Chelyabinsk, and the director of the Stalingrad Tractor Factory shook hands with Tang Hua.Tang Hua also shook hands with the two and said hello.

"The only T50 computer in Stalingrad is here with you, so I came to have a look." Tang Hua smiled and said a high-sounding reason, "Every T50 computer is like a work of art born from my hands. So wherever I go, I pay as much attention as possible to see if my art is well preserved and has found an owner who appreciates its value."

"Then you will be very happy here. This computer is the object of our engineers' competition. It is more popular than any girl. There is no shortage of suitors every day."

In the design department of the Stalingrad Tractor Factory, Tang Hua saw the T50 computer they bought and chatted with the computer operator and programmer for a while.

"A few days ago, I took the train from Moscow to Stalingrad, and I may have seen the works of art carved by you. It is on the Volga River in the northwest of Grodisheh. Is my guess correct?"

"Not only you have seen it, but many citizens have also seen it. Yes, this is an amphibious tank that we and Chelyabinsk have completed together. ... It is almost completed, but now there are no major problems except for some minor bugs waiting to be corrected There's work to be done."

The factory manager answered Tang Hua without any hesitation.It seems that the level of secrecy of PT-76 or Project 740 is much lower than that of high-tech weapons such as missiles, nuclear weapons or fighter jets.However, the secrecy of tanks and armored vehicles cannot be too high. As long as the prototypes leave the workshop and try it out on the road, a large group of people will see it.

"Tanks that can travel in water are really useful,... useful to the offensive group of the Soviet Red Army. In fact, I think China can also equip them."

"I don't really know about this." The factory manager spread his hands, "If China wants to buy amphibious tanks, it probably needs permission from the Council of Ministers. But I can guarantee that every tank from Stalingrad is of excellent quality of."

……

Tang Hua then chatted with the factory manager for a while.

In fact, nonsense has a purpose.The first is that Tang Hua beat around the bush and determined the approximate factory price of PT-76, which should be less than 10 rubles.The second is that the factory director told Tang Hua that although the PT-76 Soviet Army is going to be developed, the order volume is not too large at present. If the development is completed and the finalized production is completed, it will probably only purchase two regiments first.For the Stalingrad Tractor Factory, the order is not enough to feed the production capacity.

These two pieces of information are almost enough.Other things can't be started now, maybe one or two years later, when it needs to be added to the shopping cart.

Chapter 124 So, China already has anti-aircraft missiles?

Back in Moscow, Tang Hua went to the Third Special Bureau to watch the demo of the control room of the S-25 missile system.

It's the control room, not the command vehicle or the command vehicle.

The S-25 missile system has never thought of being mounted on a vehicle for maneuvering. This is a fixed medium and high altitude air defense missile system...

The S-25 missile is 12 meters long and weighs 3 tons. The extended truck can barely be towed and transported. It is absolutely impossible to create a vehicle-mounted launcher that can rotate and pitch, and then let the missile be aimed and launched on the vehicle.We can only build a launch point on land, place a fixed rotating launcher, and then use a truck to transport missiles to the launch point one at a time.

Since the missile launcher cannot be maneuvered by road, the control room, radar and other electromechanical equipment should also be fixed together.

Of course, the United States is not much better at this time. The Naiji-1 missile is launched upwards at a fixed 80-degree angle, and then slowly turns when it is shot out (but it is not launched vertically).

The control room is as big as a middle school classroom, and it is almost full of various iron cabinets, instruments and consoles.The row of iron cabinets in the middle is the fire control computer of the S-25 missile system.Vacuum tube components, a single iron cabinet weighs 1.5 tons, and there are 4 cabinets in total.More than 300 vacuum tubes in each cabinet.

It would be fine if the vacuum tube computer was replaced with a Chinese computer. What made Tang Hua scratch his head was that the S-25's fire control computer was an analog computer.

The data flow of a digital computer is just a series of 0s and 1s. An analog computer is more complicated, it is a numerical value, and the exact amount of the numerical value is unknown. You can only read it by plugging in an oscilloscope.

The S-25 missile is also command-guided, but because of the use of an analog computer, it is very different from the Hongqi-1.

For example, the radar tracks the enemy plane and reads the speed and heading of the enemy plane; the missile sends back a signal to tell the control room its own speed and heading.

At this time, the radar said: "The speed of the enemy plane is so fast (compare with index finger and thumb), and the altitude is so high (compare again)"

The missile's radio receiver said so too.

They all sent the computer to perform simulation calculations, and the result was obtained: "Our missile needs to be a little bit lower left (compare it with your index finger and thumb), and that's right."

I haven't finished the calculation yet, so I continue to calculate with the value of "so many", what adding 2 and dividing 3 to get the square root sign, maybe I need to calculate an integral, and the result is calculated: "Missile, you deflect the rudder surfaces 1 and 3 this way. There are so many rudder surfaces on No. 2 and No. 4."

The last instruction given by the digital computer may be "missile, No. 1 and No. 3 rudder surfaces-1.245, No. 2 and No. 4 rudder surfaces-2.103".In theory, analog computers may be more accurate than digital computers of the same period, but the accuracy of its output results has a lot to do with whether the input results are disturbed.A slight disturbance in the input may cause a drastic change in the output.

Now the United States and the Soviet Union are using vacuum tube analog computers as fire control computers, and they were not eliminated until the 60s.Tang Hua is uniquely engaged in digitalization - the technology of transistor components is advanced, so there is no fear.

The iron box of the customized computer was pushed into the control room with a trolley, and Tang Hua kicked the iron box in the middle: "From now on, this iron box can be thrown out.

However, the technology is ahead of the curve, and the circuits have to be solved one by one...

"Mr. Tang, the radar data interface is here. Do you want me to connect an extension cable for you?" A voice with a strong German accent came. Tang Hua looked up. The engineer also had a Germanic face, probably from the post-war Soviet Union. The batch of "Waterfall" anti-aircraft missile specialists/engineers acquired.

Tang Hua nodded, the German engineer found a cable, and the two connected the data to the oscilloscope together.

"Which company did you work for before the war, Siemens, Telefunken, or Lambo?" Tang Hua asked the German engineer.

"Sapphire. I didn't expect you to know this company. My name is Hans." The German engineer said.

Hans, another Hans, can the Germans have more Hans...

With the oscilloscope turned on, Tang Hua started debugging and testing.Anti-aliasing, data sampling, quantization, encoding.

If there is an ADC0808 or AD574A, just press the chip, face the pin table, connect the input and output lines, connect it with an oscilloscope, and see if the character is good, just pass it once.Then, as soon as the experiment report is handed in, you can throw down the circuit board and call your classmates to use the laboratory computer to play interstellar... Of course, you are thinking too much. The integrated circuit has not been written, and Texas Instruments doesn't know what it is doing now.It is estimated that DSP has to be developed by Tang Hua's Electronic Information Industry Bureau, so that Tang Hua may use it in a few years.

Fortunately, Tang Hua asked Zhang Jue to package and mail the signal analog-to-digital conversion circuit of the COH4 fire control radar they modified themselves. Tang Hua didn't need to build the circuit transistor by transistor, and only needed to modify 20% of it.