Back to the Republic of China to be a editor

"Remove the hole punch and those strange buttons, we use this." Tatiana skillfully took out three numeric keypads with cables from the drawer next to the computer, and inserted them into the jacks on the computer cabinet. After the lights turned on , indicating that the small calculator can be used.Tatyana went to the trolley and carried a box of the piled materials to each group, and the economic census began.

Tatiana went to Sonia and asked her to open the first data file. "After entering two sets of numbers, you can see the buttons below."

Tatyana pointed to the small keyboard. In addition to 10 numbers and addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, there was a row of white buttons at the bottom, each with different small characters printed on it:

"Growth rate", "Mean", "Median", "Variance", "Mean Deviation", "Median Deviation"...

The six people were divided into three groups, one person used the keyboard to input data and press calculations, and the other person was watching to see if the input was correct and was responsible for copying down the data.The Economic Census and Investigation Department will do five processing and statistics on statistical data, all of which can be found from the row of 12 white buttons below.

"Tania, I just want to know, how many days are you going to use? My computer is very busy."

"From now until the Russian New Year on January 1, it is our working time."

"However, because of the help of computers, we may be able to finish ahead of schedule. It used to be 20 days of work, and it took about three to four days."

"After our department finishes its work, I will call friends from other departments and departments over."

"..." Oleg thought about it. Throwing his wife away might be asking for death, so he chose not to speak.

In Moscow, in Leningrad, in Stalingrad, in Kiev... By the end of this year, the Soviet Union had purchased more than 50 T80 computers.

In the past six months, after the computer was bought back, it was quiet, and there was no enthusiastic feedback.But Tang Hua was not in a hurry.The Soviet units that purchased computers were all scientific research and engineering departments. These departments had very clear purposes for buying computers back, so they would not purchase more computers unless their departments expanded.But by the end of the year, there will be some strange people who will make the T50 computer do strange tasks, and after discovering the magical use of the T50 computer, in 1951, there will be many unexpected orders.

The Soviet Union not only had abundant funds for scientific research institutes and engineering departments, but also government departments did not lack funds.Especially the national statistics and planning committees have great power, and it is naturally convenient to ask for money.

More than 80 T50s have earned back nearly 5000 million rubles to the Bureau of Electronics and Information Industry.According to the data Tang Hua saw before his business trip, from January to October 1950, excluding computer exports, the export of other commodities to the Soviet Union was only 1 million rubles, which is estimated to be just over 10 million rubles for the whole year.It is not a small number to be able to increase foreign exchange income by 4.5%, especially since September, China has been partly included in the wartime system, spending money so fast that foreign exchange will never be enough.

In Dalian, I watched a new batch of Hongqi-1 test bombs roll off the assembly line and pack them up for shipment. The next stop is Shanghai.

The next new gadget of the Electronic Information Industry Bureau is the T51 of the Shanghai Institute of Computer Science.When Tang Hua arrived here, the first batch of components for T51 had already been in place, and all components had been tested in the factory of each component.

The 16-segment screen that can display letters has been used on the TC50, and the T51 is just moved over.

The reason for displaying letters is that the computer system has also been upgraded. Of course, the original version of the operating system must also be available. The system developed by Lebedev for TC50 can be used after a change.

On T51, the programming language has begun to evolve from machine language to assembly.The benefits of Tang Hua's large-capacity (compared to this era) storage for computers since T50 have also emerged. Now on T51, some commonly used routine programs can be written down and stored in the "hard disk". For example, some common engineering calculation programs do not need to be typed into the computer word by word from the beginning when using them, just call out the program and input the data or formulas to be calculated.

Tang Hua and Lebedev assembled the first T51, plugged in all the peripherals, and started the computer.

The three-line 16-segment code screen lights up, and Tang Hua pulls the keyboard and taps indiscriminately.The keyboard transplanted from an English typewriter is thick and heavy, but it feels good in the hand.Typewriter keyboard... is the layout of the computer qwert keyboard later, 26 letters are arranged in a strange arrangement on a board more than one foot wide.

It's finally a bit like a computer, not a programmable computer anymore.

Tang Hua quickly typed a Shakespeare sonnet. After inputting it into the computer, he could use the up and down arrows to browse the previously entered lines. Press the up arrow continuously, and the 16-segment code screen would jump up line by line. until it reaches the first row.After checking that his output was correct, Tang Hua pressed the print button, the dot matrix printer creaked, and a piece of paper slowly came out of the printing port.

"Tang, I thought the first thing you wanted to test was the computing speed of the computer." Seeing Tang Hua's confusing behavior, Lebedev shook his head and said.

"Speed ​​is to be measured, but the character set and input and output are the biggest revolutions of T51."

It seems that the T51 is already a bit like an office computer, and then Tang Hua typed the code with the keyboard to start an integral numerical calculation.After running, T51 roared and ran for 10 minutes, and the segment code screen output a result.According to calculation calculation, when T51 runs this program, the calculation speed reaches 31100 times per second.

Tang Hua pressed the print button again, and the printer printed out the calculation result together with the calculation formula and parameters.Tear off the note from the printer - very good, from now on, professors and researchers all over the country can probably say goodbye to the punched paper tape of 0 and 1.

The T51 is an easy-to-use and profitable machine. However, in the supercomputing hall of the Shanghai Institute of Computer Science, there is another prototype machine that is not profitable but is more usable—the TC51.

Second generation supercomputer.

The computing power of TC50 is up to 25 times per second, which is more than the sum of the computing power of all other countries in the world that are not made in China. The design index of TC51 is that the computing power breaks through one million times per second, and it is the first time that a human computer has reached a computing speed of one million times.

Compared with the last time I came to Shanghai, the supercomputing hall is a bit crowded now.

TC50 has a total of 12 main cabinets, including 8 computing unit cabinets and 4 operation/storage/display desks.

The size of the TC51 main cabinet is similar to that of the TC50, but there are a total of 16 cabinets, 12 computing unit cabinets, and 4 operation/storage/display desks.

It is still arranged in an X shape, and there is not much free space beside the wall of the supercomputing hall, which can barely accommodate a person.Fortunately, the number of cabinets for the next generation and the next generation of supercomputers should not increase any more.

Before Tang Hua came to Shanghai, Lebedev spent a month developing the operating system of TC51. Now the computing unit of TC51 has no problem and can be used for all calls. Other small parts are still being improved, but the operating system can already be started.

As soon as the switch was pressed, the supercomputing hall became lively. The noise from the motors of various cooling fans and air extractors made the supercomputing hall seem like it was next to an airport.

"I did a test yesterday, and the peak calculation speed of TC51 reached 102 million times per second." Lebedev said, "I heard that it only takes a few hours for your military to use TC50 to attack the military code of the US military. It can be completely cracked, why do we need TC51? Do you think six hours is too long?"

"Of course it's too long. Old Lie, although M-209 is the standard cipher machine of the US military, it is not the most complicated rotary cipher machine in the world. We have been enjoying the convenience of instant telegram cracking for more than a month, although the frontline command The operatives will try to confuse the U.S. military with deceptive moves, but not for too long. When the U.S. military understands, they will replace the M-209 with a more complicated cipher machine. At that time, we must ensure that we can also attack and Crack it, and in as short a time as possible."

"Oh. And the last question, can our supercomputers also be provided to the Soviet Union?"

Tang Hua got stuck for a moment.

Well this...

T50可以随便卖，T51也可以卖。而且唐华打算，1950年2月6日要在北京和莫斯科同时召开T51的新品发布会。

But is the TC50 sold?

Supercomputers are not the same as general-purpose computers.

Supercomputers have a special structure, but if the Soviet Union is willing to mobilize their top brains to concentrate on tackling key problems, there should be no insurmountable gap in the development of supercomputers.Both the US and the USSR did this in the late 50's.China has completely hidden the technical secrets of supercomputers, and sooner or later the United States and the Soviet Union will also develop supercomputers.

From the perspective of national security, the Soviet Union and China will certainly not have a fundamental conflict of interest within 10 years, and it is very likely that there will be no conflict after 10 years.

Thinking of this, Tang Hua made a decision.From his personal point of view, supercomputers can be sold.Even if you are conservative, you can still sell the next-new model a year ago.

The point is, if you can sell one of the supercomputing gadgets, it will be a lot of money.

"Old column, I think it can be sold. However, the supercomputer is a national defense secret equipment-you know, it can crack the military cipher machines currently in service in the US military. So this decision should be made by our country's leaders. However , I will not object when the central government discusses and makes decisions on this matter."

Chapter 99, Embarrassing the United States in the Security Council

"Mr. Chairman, gentlemen:"

"I am ordered by the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, on behalf of the 500 million people in China, to come here to accuse the U.S. government of its illegal and criminal acts of armed aggression against the Chinese territory of Taiwan."

United Nations Security Council.

"U.S. armed aggression against Taiwan" seminar.

When Wu Xiuquan came to the Security Council meeting room, the representatives of the 11 Security Council members and the main representatives of the countries invited to attend the conference were already sitting side by side behind a horseshoe-shaped long round table.Opposite is the five permanent members of the Security Council: the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, and China—Ecuador, of course, is the representative of the Republic of China Jiang Tingfu, and around the five permanent members are representatives of six non-permanent members of the Security Council.

Wu Xiuquan was specially invited to attend the meeting.

On November 11, nine members of the Chinese delegation to the United Nations boarded a plane and left Beijing, passing through Moscow, Prague, Switzerland, London, and finally arrived in New York.Wu Xiuquan is the head of the delegation, Qiao Guanhua is the advisor, Pu Shan is the translator, and there are 14 assistants and 9 confidential officers.The reason why I went halfway around the world to the United States is because China and the United States do not have any diplomatic relations, and I need to apply for a diplomatic visa at the American embassy in Braque.

After arriving at the United Nations, after a delay of two or three days, the Security Council finally held a discussion meeting on the case of the US armed aggression against Taiwan.As the accuser, Wu Xiuquan took out his speech and began to speak for more than two hours.

"Anyone with a little common sense knows that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China's territory. Long before Columbus came to the New World of America, the Chinese had already arrived in Taiwan. Long before the independence of the United States, Taiwan had become an inseparable part of China's territory. It is Because of the unshakable historical fact that Taiwan is Chinese territory, the civilized countries of the world have never recognized that the occupation of Taiwan by Japanese imperialism during the 50 years from [-] to [-] was just."

"...U.S. imperialism hates the liberation struggles of all Asian peoples, and especially hates the great victory of the Chinese people. Therefore, it uses the form of open and direct armed aggression to realize its arrogant attempt to attack New China and dominate the whole of Asia. The U.S. imperialists say that the U.S. defense line must be placed between the Yalu River, the Taiwan Strait, and the mountains on the Sino-Vietnamese border; otherwise, the U.S. will not be safe.”