The weapon tycoon who traveled to Daqin

The celebration banquet was specially held for Wang Jian who had returned from the north.Battle song, war dance.Food and wine.None of this could make Shangwen lift up his spirits.Naofumi sees his political shortcomings.Very shallow.Very childish.

I can achieve great achievements in science and engineering.But it was impossible to gain an inch in politics.In the political circle, my own ideas can only meet the needs of some people, but cannot fully develop according to my own ideas.Shangwen was a little disheartened.

Naofumi tasted failure for the first time.

187 Chemistry

Shangwen was a little disheartened.Tax reform would be a shortcut.It can quickly promote the development of the commodity economy, and the earlier it develops, the more opportunity it will provide for a capital transformation.But now, King Qin insisted on not allowing it.Is this the kingship, because capital challenges the authority of the kingship.

The current king of Qin is too superstitious about power.Superstitious enough to ignore the functions of zheng fu.So did Liz.Unaware of the authority of various functions of zheng fu.It still relies on the original tradition.Social changes were not observed in detail.This is really a bit of a feeling.have no choice.Shangwen can't describe his current mood.so terrible.Without the support of taxes, the next plan will have to take a lot of effort to break through the only line of defense.

Shang Wen was really annoyed by this matter.Difficulty falling asleep in bed.Since he couldn't fall asleep, Shang Wen simply got up and did some experiments.

I have been busy with production and improvement work recently, and I have done too much.It has been a long time since I opened the door to chemistry.Since I can't sleep now, let's open this door.

Shangwen got up and put on a piece of clothing, and went out to get some materials for experiments.

Shangwen took out his notebook.Turn to the chemistry page.Naofumi began to produce large quantities of raw materials.The first is fierce oil, which is crude oil. Using fractional distillation technology to refine and process crude oil is an effective way to obtain some raw materials.But this must rely on some equipment, such as fractionation towers.Moreover, many raw materials produced also require fractionation towers, such as alcohol, acid, alkali and so on.

Naofumi bit his notebook and began to check the recently delivered glassware.These are all for testing.There are mainly some utensils, and a small part of glass conduits. These conduits are relatively short and are mainly made by hand, most of which are blown with iron pipes.This may be the limit of the current production.

Shangwen carefully inspected these utensils.Because of immature technology, the utensils are made thick and thin.Shangwen looked at it and felt that these utensils might be broken.But it can only be used as it is.

The first technique used was fractional distillation.Fractionation of crude oil is obviously not enough.Because of the utensil problem.Shang Wen felt that some acid should be processed.

Such as sulfuric acid.Because at present, sulfuric acid is indeed needed, because with the extensive use of drilling technology to make barrels.The inner wall of the gun barrel needs to go through a pickling process. Without this process, it is almost a great restriction on the production of the gun barrel.Thinking of the barrel, I don't know how such a technology is.

The process of industrial production of sulfuric acid is as follows.Preparation of sulfur dioxide (boiling furnace)

Burn sulfur or treat pyrite at high temperature to produce sulfur dioxide?=ignite=?

4fe?=High temperature=8?+2fe?o?

Contact oxidation to sulfur trioxide (contact chamber)

&nb?+o?=Vanadium pentoxide catalyzed and heated=2? (reversible reaction)

Absorbed with 98.3% sulfuric acid

&nb?+h??=h?? (pyrosulfuric acid)

add water

&nb?+h?o=2h??

purify

Industrial concentrated sulfuric acid can be distilled to obtain commercial sulfuric acid with a concentration of 95% to 98%.

Another is to produce sulfur dioxide (boiling furnace)

Burn sulfur or treat pyrite at high temperature to produce sulfur dioxide?=ignite=?

4fe?=High temperature=8?+2fe?o?

Dissolving sulfur dioxide in water becomes sulfurous acid.

Sulfuric acid is oxidized to sulfuric acid.However, these two have something in common, both of which are based on burning sulfur and sulfur-containing substances.

In fact, the method of making sulfuric acid by dry distillation has been discovered in ancient times.However, this was only available in the Tang Dynasty, which was hundreds of years later than the Warring States Period.From 65o to 683 AD (the time of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty), Gu Gangzi, an alchemist, recorded in Volume [-] of his "Huangdi Jiuding Shendan Jingjue" "the method of refining stone gallbladder to extract essence", that is, dry distilling stone gallbladder (gallbladder alum) to obtain sulfuric acid.If it is represented by a chemical equation, it is >

&nb?·5h?o=heating=cu

&nb?==High temperature==cuo+?↑

&nb?+h?o=h??

The method used by Shangwen is a simple dry distillation method.There is no way, that's all the appliances.There is not even a wine lamp.

Shangwen got up and searched for a large amount of grain.Let's ferment, it's cold now.It can only be carried out during the day, or it can be put on the edge of the stove for fermentation, which is to promote the production of bacteria.Shang Wen just tossed and turned all night without sleep.

By burning, sulfur dioxide is obtained, which is then passed through a glass tube.On heating.Obtain disulfur trioxide.Then dissolve in water, worth sulfuric acid.

There is no rubber tube, and the sealing is really poor.The experiment almost ended in failure, and the smell of sulfur made Naofumi feel suffocated.Very irritating to respiratory tract.It took Shangwen a lot of effort to get a small bottle of sulfuric acid, as for the concentration.Shangwen has no way to test it.

The sealing effect must be addressed.Otherwise, sooner or later, the experimenter will die of suffocation.

Shangwen stopped making sulfuric acid, and these must wait until the sealing of the experimental equipment is resolved before restarting.By the time the work was done, it was dawn.The temperature in the morning is still very low.Also not conducive to the start of fermentation.Shangwen can only continue to place it by the fire to continue fermentation.

Similar experiments with sulfuric acid cannot be performed.Because chemistry is just getting started.Most of the methods used are dry distillation, and these methods all require good sealing.The solution is to use a large amount of linen as the sealing material. For the interface, Shangwen can only use graphite.Now graphite has risen to the status of strategic resources.The search for graphite is on a massive scale.However, graphite is being used in more and more places.Such as smelting.Casting cannon molds, crucibles.There is no way but to use this strategic resource.

For heating equipment, alcohol can only be fractionally distilled.Could it be that a large furnace was used for the experiment?

However, there is one invention that can be made and that is cement.Shangwen quickly drew pictures in his notebook. In 1824, English builder Joseph Aspodin (josepspdin) invented cement and obtained the patent right of Portland cement.He used limestone and clay as raw materials, and after mixing them in a certain proportion, he calcined the clinker in a vertical kiln similar to burnt lime, and then ground it into cement.Because the color of the cement after hardening is similar to the stone used for construction in Portland on the island of England, it is named Portland cement.

What Naofumi wanted to do was this cement.This cement is also called Portland cement.It is easy to make and can be produced in large quantities.

188 skydiving training begins

Just do it.Naofumi immediately looked for a place to make limestone.However, just as he was about to do something big, Li Xin was already waiting outside the door.

"Is there something wrong?" Shang Wen asked.

"My lord, no, sir, we have finished our tour. What should we do next?" Li Xin asked.

"What?" Shangwen asked with some doubts.But then I understood.The training of the Heavenly Army is the main person in charge, and none of these subordinates has ever been to the sky.how to train.It's just a joke.How do they know what to do.I hope they are proactive, they have to understand.They can only simply know the principle and processing of hot air balloons.make. Cao Cao knows nothing about it.how to train.

"Okay, I got it. By the way, go and find Bai Ai, I have something to explain." Shang Wen had no choice.This thing has to be done by yourself.And no one can take his place.But the chemistry side just started.And can't stop.These things have to be left to Bai Ai, a child. This is Shangwen's plan to make Bai Ai develop a certain interest in chemistry.

Shang Wen quickly took out his notebook.Start writing how to make cement.

In order to prevent Bai Ai from not understanding at first.Shangwen wrote about the properties of cement.Powdery hydraulically hardening inorganic gelling material.After adding water and stirring, it becomes a slurry, which can be hardened in the air or better hardened in water, and can firmly bind sand, stone and other materials together.

What Shangwen wants to make is Portland cement, and the ratio of this kind of cement is best made according to the ratio of three to one.The optimal ratio is then tested with chemical experiments.Shangwen really can't get away now.

After Shangwen finished writing this, he felt that one day was not enough, and it was best to let Bai Ai find something else to do.Shangwen thought of dry distillation, a reaction process in which solid or organic matter is heated and decomposed under air-isolated conditions.This is the earliest chemical method familiar to human beings.

What Shangwen dry-distilled white moxa was sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and the kaolin produced by dry-distilling wood was methanol.

Bai Ai will come soon.Shangwen immediately tore off a few pages of his notebook paper,

"Listen. For the things I asked you to make, don't grab them directly with your hands, but use wooden clips." Shang Wen looked into Bai Ai's eyes and said seriously.

"What I asked you to do are chemical things. These things are extremely corrosive. If the human body is touched, it will rot and burn. Be sure to try. You just need to put these things in a jar and take them back carefully. Got it. Do you understand?" Shang Wen said while grabbing Bai Ai's shoulder.

"Understood, my lord." Bai Ai said firmly.

"I know you have a strong curiosity, but now is not the time to be curious. These things are too corrosive and will kill people. I don't want things that shouldn't happen, understand?" Shangwen emphasized again.Because these things should be done by myself, but now I have to let a child do it.Shangwen was really reluctant.After all, it is dangerous to do such an experiment without any common knowledge of chemistry.And, it's still a child.