Travel through the Qing Dynasty and become emperor

On the day of the march, Mussolini, in the name of the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Army, published the so-called "Revolutionary Manifesto" in Milan's fascist organ "Italian People": "Fascist! All Italy: the time for our decisive battle has come !At this time four years ago, our national army won the final victory in the European war. Today the black shirts will march on Rome to dedicate this victory to this historic city. During the fascist march on the capital, the national army Strictly observe neutrality and non-interference. Fascists have special respect for the army of Vittorio Avenez. Fascists are not against the police, but only against cowardly and incompetent politicians. They cannot even produce a good government for a long four years. Domestically The bourgeoisie must understand that fascism does not ask them to take on anything, but they hope that they will strictly observe order and discipline. Fascism will help them generate a force that will make Italy more prosperous. People who work in factories, on farms, and on railroads have nothing to fear Fascist government, we will protect their legitimate rights. We will also take a tolerant attitude towards unarmed enemies."

"The fascists draw their swords and cut the ropes that bind the people's lives. We ask God to support our actions to ensure the peace of Italy and the victory of the great fascist actions."

"Fascist fighters all over Italy! Be worthy of being a Roman, muster your spirit and courage! We must win, we must win!"

The fascist march was victorious.That same evening, Mussolini received news of the capture of Cremona, Alexandria, and Bologna.Most of the government troops and police along the road strictly maintained neutrality and did not stop them. Only a few revolutionary masses led by the Communist Party blocked and opposed them. However, due to the disparity in strength, they were brutally suppressed by the fascist thugs.

Under the deterrence of the armed thugs of the Black Shirts, almost all bourgeois political parties were terrified. Some obediently surrendered, and some begged for mercy from the fascists.Some, like mice, hid secretly. On October 10, a group of members of Congress came to the fascist newspaper in Milan to ask to see Mussolini. They wanted to exchange the central government for an armistice or an armistice treaty.They said that a cabinet change might save a country in distress.Mussolini turned them down with a grin.

Faced with such a turbulent situation, as the prime minister, Fakeda, like a ants on a hot pot, was in a hurry, and under the advice of several advisers, he bit the bullet and published an official document.The statement said: "There is now a rebellion found in several provinces, which hinders the national government from performing its duties and puts the whole country in a difficult situation. At present, the central government is trying to find a peaceful solution. The government will spare no effort to maintain the revolutionary movement. Public order. Although the cabinet has been shaken, the government will do its best to maintain the peace of the citizens and various agencies. At the same time, I hope that the citizens will remain calm so that we can work together to maintain public order.”

Seeing this situation, all the cabinet members had no choice but to back away and leave it to Fakeda alone.After discussing with several of his cronies in Rome, he decided to declare martial law, but the king refused to sign it.

At this time, Mussolini knew that the current situation was very beneficial to him.All bourgeois parties were frightened, bewildered, and silenced by him.The Communist Party has been driven into the ground, the Fascists have come to Rome, and victory is almost within reach.At this time, Mussolini's nerves had reached a high level of tension because of his joy, and he had not closed his eyes for several days and nights just for the arrival of this day.

On the afternoon of October 10, he received an urgent call from the office of the King of Rome.General Siddani, the king's adjutant, asked Mussolini to go to Rome as soon as possible, because the king observed the current situation and wanted to put the heavy responsibility of forming a cabinet on him.The scheming Mussolini, fearing fraud, asked General Cidadini to formally inform him of the same news by telegram.Two hours later, the telegram did arrive.It is private.Siddardini's telegram reads as follows: "The king has summoned you to come to Rome as soon as possible, and intends to entrust you with the task of forming a cabinet. This is my greeting."

After receiving the telegram, Mussolini and his henchmen were ecstatically surprised. They immediately notified the headquarters of the Perugia and the headquarters of the Black Shirt Party in Milan, and ordered the "Italian Popolo" to publish the full text of the royal telegram as quickly as possible. Notify the whole country in the form of "outside number".At this time Mussolini was full of thoughts, and his dream of dictatorship was about to become a reality.He remembers the dead, blesses God, and asks his faithful friends to help him carry out the evil cause that the Fascist Party wants to start.

After Mussolini arranged everything, he drove to Rome.Before leaving, despite the downpour, the Black Shirts and his supporters gave him a warm welcome.After arriving in Rome, after setting up the troops, he went to the palace to meet the king, and accompanied the king to review the fascist troops entering Rome.Mussolini ordered them to line up, and 10 fascist armed henchmen practiced in front of the king to show their majesty and "invincible" power!

Subsequently, a grand appointment ceremony was held in Rome, and the king handed over the task of forming a cabinet to Mussolini in front of the Roman people and the fascists.As a result, the whole of Italy began to sink!

For Mussolini, the most urgent task is to stabilize the social order, and it is necessary to organize a central government as soon as possible.In order to eliminate people's impression of his "one-party dictatorship", Mussolini decided to organize a mixed cabinet under the absolute leadership of fascists.He himself serves as the prime minister and also serves as the minister of foreign affairs and interior affairs.Among the ministers and deputy ministers, there are 15 fascist party members, 3 nationalists, 3 liberal rightists, 6 Catholic parties, and 3 social democrats.Almost all important positions such as deputy prime minister, internal affairs, foreign affairs, justice, and finance are occupied by the fascist party.The Secretary of the Army is served by the former Army General Diaz who supported the fascist seizure of power, and the Secretary of the Navy is served by the pro-fascist former Admiral Daon de River.

On November 11, Mussolini convened a session of the House of Representatives.At the beginning of the meeting, the autocratic leader gave the congressmen a blow.He said: "This meeting place could have been turned into a slaughterhouse full of corpses; this Congress could have been used as a place monopolized by one party, resulting in a one-party dictatorship government. But I will not do all of these, at least not for now. Do."

Hearing this, the big-eared congressmen sitting under the rostrum were all stunned.

Mussolini looked around the audience, and said: "Today, I am not like the previous cabinet. I first announced the cabinet's political platform when I came to power, because it is useless. I assert that I will do it according to my will. , lest my action be delayed by useless talk. In foreign policy, I will pursue a policy of 'dignity and national interest'."

As soon as Mussolini finished speaking, 52 congressmen asked to speak, wanting to express how they were loyal to the leader, how they were submissive and worked hard to serve the country under the leadership of the Blackshirts.However, before they could speak, Mussolini refused with a wave of his hand.He said: "This is too much, don't just talk about it, the most important thing is to look at actions."

Mussolini was afraid that the stunned congressmen would not understand him, so he changed his tone and said: "I don't want to give you the impression that my government is against Congress. However, I say In a word, I will never allow my enemies—past, present, and future—to cultivate illusions in our ranks. Those stupid and childish illusions of the past must all be dispelled!"

At this time, those politicians who are good at speculating and gaining money are imitating the appearance of the fascists, shouting "Long live Italy! Long live fascism!"

Resurgence: World War II Chapter 5 Nineteen Constitutional Monarchy

It was another cold winter. On December 12, Guan Xuqing came to the National Assembly Hall on the north side of the cabinet complex in the south of Beijing, and held a constitutional assembly. Officials above the fifth rank in Beijing attended the meeting, and invited some foreign ministers and political leaders. Academic experts attended.

Cabinet Prime Minister Liang Qichao introduced the action model of the future national political system. The country will officially transfer to a new political system no later than 1903. One of the most notable changes is that the emperor will gradually give up the right to appoint and remove personnel. The prime minister of the cabinet is nominated, and the prime minister of the cabinet and the top military officer will be appointed by the emperor himself. Candidates can be nominated by all political parties in the country that are eligible to participate in politics at that time, and elections will be launched to win the support of the whole country. The winner of the vote is elected , obtained the qualifications for the appointment issued by the emperor, and was formally elected as the Prime Minister of the Cabinet after the emperor approved the letter of appointment.The Prime Minister serves a term of five years and can be reappointed for a maximum of one term.

The election method is similar to the American electoral system. Each province obtains a different number of electoral qualifications according to the ranking of population and economic contribution. Zhang, and the remaining forty, distributed according to a certain ratio.

Electors are selected by the provincial consultative bureaus at all levels, from the township level to the county and state capitals, and then up to the provincial level. Consultative bureaus representing the wishes of the people are established layer by layer, and the prime minister is elected in the cabinet. Electors are elected for the same term as the Prime Minister.

The Consultative Council also needs to elect local administrative officials in various places in normal times, but they have no nomination qualifications, and the nomination qualifications are in the hands of the Prime Minister.In order to avoid the disadvantages of too strong local protection and weakening the central government.

The [-] electors who have been in Beijing form the National Assembly. The daily internal affairs and foreign affairs are decided by the Prime Minister and the National Assembly. Foreign wars or affairs in response to wars are handled by the emperor himself, and the Supreme Command issues a declaration of war.

The supreme military power of the empire belongs to the emperor, and the head of the Supreme Command handles daily military deployment tasks and development planning. That is to say, the imperial army must be absolutely loyal to the emperor, but it is under the command of the Supreme Command in peacetime.

From the perspective of power distribution, the cabinet holds administrative power, that is, the power of internal affairs and foreign affairs, while the emperor is in charge of the highest power of appointment and decision-making. From this point of view, Guan Xuqing is still the absolute ruler of the empire.

The Imperial Diet holds the legislative power, and all laws and regulations of the country will be formulated by the cabinet, and will be promulgated throughout the country after being appointed by the emperor, forming a collective of rule-makers.The representative is the Speaker of the National Assembly, who is elected by the National Assembly.Wang Shizhen, the first chairman of the imperial parliament, was appointed by Guan Xuqing as one of the three masters of Beiyang.

Judicial power will be deprived from the current administrative system, and will be controlled by branches of Dali Temple at all levels, with the power to execute laws and exercise judgment. appointment.

Some of the institutional changes involved are: [-]. The regulations of the cabinet remain unchanged, and the practice remains the same.

11. There are [-] ministries of personnel, civil affairs, finance, education, agriculture, industry and commerce, science and technology, and foreign affairs. Each ministry has a minister and two deputy ministers, regardless of Manchu and Han.

[-]. Dali Temple was changed into Dali Yuan, which was in charge of judging; the Zizheng Yuan was added to collect opinions from the crowd, and the Auditing Yuan was added to verify funds, and branches were established in various places.

[-]. Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, and Honglu Temple were merged into the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the Military Training Office and Taipu Temple were merged into the Ministry of War;

This meeting established a brand-new political system for the empire, and the emperor greatly released the administrative power in his hands.Prior to this, Guan Xuqing instructed the cabinet to conduct repeated research on the new political system. Instead of slowly releasing power to nourish some people's desire for more power, it is better to release power at once and form an irrevocable imperial constitution In order to clearly inform the content of power.Especially after Yuan Shikai's rebellion, Guan Xuqing demanded to speed up the process of implementing the new regime. Central power should be properly distributed downwards, and local power should also be effectively supervised. This is the most direct inspiration from Yuan Shikai's rebellion.

The promulgation of the new regime freed the emperor from the tedious administrative affairs to study the country's general development direction. The new "Constitution of the Chinese Empire" also consolidated the highest status of imperial power from the institutional level.Of course, Guan Xuqing did not directly copy the British constitutional monarchy. He knew very well how important the supremacy of imperial power was to the development of the empire in this ancient country of China. Everyone was still under the control of the emperor. He would never Let the embarrassment of William II repeat itself.

The "Imperial Constitution Outline" wrote for this: "The imperial emperor ruled the Chinese Empire, and he will be respected forever. The sacred dignity of the emperor is inviolable. The imperial authority has the power to promulgate laws and issue proposals. The resolutions of the House of Representatives, which have not been approved and promulgated by the imperial edict, cannot be implemented. The power to command the army, navy and air force and to formulate the military system. The king dispatches the entire army and formulates the standing troops, which can be executed with full authority. All military affairs are subject to criticism. The intervention of the court. The right to declare war, make peace, conclude treaties, send envoys and accept envoys..."

The promulgation of the constitutional monarchy did not make many officials feel very surprised or sad. On the contrary, they applauded the wise move of the emperor. Most of this generation of officials have been influenced by Western political culture for more than ten years, plus the vision of the whole country Open up, many people know that such a political system is the historical trend of the future.Otherwise, once the emperor controls the sky, the country will be at a loss.

At this meeting, under the emperor's proposal, the proposal to try to elect Liang Qichao as the elector of Beijing, that is, a member of Congress, was unanimously passed.Liang Qichao also became the first member of the National Assembly of the Chinese Empire, and became a lifetime member of the National Assembly after Guan Xuqing's second trial proposal was passed.

Taking advantage of this enthusiasm, Guan Xuqing also tried to formally appoint Liang Qichao as the prime minister of the cabinet in the new regime according to the established appointment ceremony.

The next day, Liang Qichao went to the palace for an audience, took full power to deal with the country's military and political affairs, and was authorized to complete the formation of the cabinet within seven days. He had already submitted the preliminary list of cabinet formation to the emperor Yulan, the prime minister and the deputy ministers of the cabinet. Yudi Zaifeng and Xiong Xiling are in charge.

The nomination shows Liang Qichao's politically smooth side.Zaifeng is the emperor's younger brother. Of course, such a royal nobleman was placed in the new cabinet to reassure the emperor. On the other hand, after years of experience in the officialdom, Zaifeng has indeed grown into a political talent who can stand on his own. Of course, it is very suitable for him to be the deputy minister.

Besides, Xiong Xiling, who was born intelligent, was hailed as a "Hunan child prodigy" when he was a teenager.Together with Tan Siping, he founded the Current Affairs School in Changsha, participated in the founding of the South Society, and founded the "Xiang Bao". He was the backbone of the reform movement and made great contributions to the implementation of the Imperial New Deal.It is well-deserved to let him be the deputy minister.

Although there were some changes in the nominations of the ministers, they were all arranged very well.

Foreign Minister Wu Tingfang and Vice Minister Gu Weijun.

Minister of Agriculture Yang Shenxiu.

Minister of Science and Technology Kang Guangren.

Minister of Development and Planning Yang Shiqi (former Minister Yung Wing retired due to illness).

Minister of Finance Tang Shaoyi (former Minister Li Zhen resigned due to age and health reasons).

Minister of Industry Yang Rui.

Sheng Xuanhuai, Minister of Commerce (also President of Imperial Investment Bank and Imperial Savings Bank).

Minister of Culture Lin Xu.

Minister of Health Sun Wen.

Minister of Education Kang Youwei.

Personnel Minister Yang Du.

……

Looking at the list of nominations, Guan Xuqing nodded in satisfaction. It seems that Liang Qichao has spent a lot of painstaking efforts. He must consider the emperor's thoughts, but also must consider the political forces of various factions in the court. More importantly, the development of the empire need.

"My Majesty, at present, the floods in various places have been controlled, and the dam has been reinforced, but the weather is getting colder, and it is inconvenient to continue dredging the river. We have to wait until tomorrow when the spring is warm and the flowers are blooming. All provinces have their own The raised funds plus the disaster relief money and donations allocated by the imperial court have re-allocated the land, built houses for the people, and provided farming tools for the people. Production has resumed in various places, and schools in the disaster-stricken areas have also started classes. The details have been submitted to the cabinet." At the imperial meeting, Wu Tongju, director of the Water Conservancy Department, briefly reported the disaster situation to the emperor.

"En." Guan Xuqing nodded and said, "The dredging of the river cannot be relaxed. It must be done in the next spring. In the past, there were frequent floods in the past dynasties. It is because when the floods come, they pay close attention to them. Once the floods are over, no one cares about them." , The matter of river governance is a century-old project, and it must not be ignored."

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