Back to the Republic of China as a commander

Wang Zhenyu breathed a sigh of relief this time, walked up to Wang Zhenpeng, pulled the younger brother up and said, "Fourth brother, it hurts, the third brother has been under a lot of pressure recently and can't control his temper, don't blame the third brother, you Sit down first, let's talk..."

"Do you really think your third brother is a **** warlord?"

"Don't you? The army is above the government, and you hold all the powers of appointment and dismissal of the national government. The army is nothing more than your personal soldiers, third brother."

"Fourth, you are right. I do put the army above the government, and I have the highest power. The army is not a national army, but my private soldiers. But what you said is not right, Do you know the difficulties of the third brother? What era is it now? Since the fall of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, which family has not relied on guns to come to power. If I, Wang Zhenyu, did not hold on to the military power, would I be able to defeat the Beiyang faction? Can I subdue the Kuomintang and the Progressive Party? , Are these political factions of the Communist Party? The current county people rule the county, the current rural construction, the current industrialization construction, and the current national government are all based on the powerful force of the youth army. I can even say that if It’s not an invincible existence like the Youth Army. Whether it’s Beiyang or the Feng Faction, they will unceremoniously drive troops south and turn the south into hell. If you don’t believe me, look at the current Shandong and the current Zhili. How many people risked their lives to cross the Yellow River and fled into our territory. The Nationalist Government itself is a transitional government. If I hand over the army to civilian officials without reservation, I will die. Do you know how complicated the relationship is? No The army maintains our detachment, and we will be eaten by those factions. Why do you think these people are shouting ****? Just take Sun Wen as an example. How did Song Jiaoren die? Sun Wen said Is it clear? What is Ying Guixin's identity? Did Sun Wen say it clearly? And how did Tao Chengzhang die? Did the Kuomintang make it clear? Fourth brother, you are now a major general. Don’t be fooled by those political crooks who are chanting slogans of corruption but want to commit suicide. I, Wang Zhenyu, am a ***, but I am using **** to bring this country to *** step by step. Pushing forward on the road of *. Has the power of the current National People’s Congress in supervising the national government been greatly improved, and the local autonomy policy has been gradually implemented. It is estimated that the new situation will be a new situation when the construction of the new countryside is completed. The last step to be realized is Nationalize the military."

Wang Zhenpeng looked at the third brother who said so much in one breath in surprise. He really hadn't thought about the connection between these things, but he was still a little unconvinced and said: "Then third brother, did you kill few people?"

Wang Zhenyu knew that his brother's confidence was lacking, so he felt a little relieved and said: "During this process, I must not be soft-hearted to some ambitious people. The files before and after the assassination incident last year are all in the Security Bureau. I will give you the inner guard card next year. You go in and check. If it was your third brother who died at that time, it would be the people in the south who suffered. Zhang Zongchang’s hundreds of thousands of bandit soldiers would have gone south without a leader in the youth army. Wang Jingwei is too ambitious. Sun Wen also has no thoughts of the country, and he is full of desires. Zhenpeng, even if you don't want to work hard for this country with your brother, don't get involved with them. If you come to the underground, it will be useless for you to regret it .”

Wang Zhenpeng cried when he heard this: "Third brother, I was wrong..."

Chapter 425 May [-]th Summer ([-])

Nationalist sentiment in Beijing reached a climax with Zhang Zuolin's order to take back the Eastern Railway on March 3.

In the late period of World War I, the February Revolution broke out in Russia in 1917, the Russian Empire collapsed, and a new provisional government of the Russian Republic was established, but it was overthrown by the Bolsheviks in the October Revolution.And after the October Revolution, the Soviet government was established in Russia, but during this period, no country on the Soviet side recognized the Soviet regime. On March 1918, 3, the Bolshevik government signed the "Brest-Litovsk Treaty" with the German Empire, announcing its withdrawal from World War I and an armistice with the German Empire.The move angered various anti-Bolshevik nationalists at home and abroad, and Russia lost large tracts of land to the treaty.After the Soviet-German Armistice Treaty was signed, British and French troops occupied some ports in the former Russian Empire. In the spring of 6, more than 1918 members of the Czech Corps, supported by the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionary Party, mainly composed of former imperial Russian Czechs and Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war, mutinied. In July, they took control of the Siberian Railway from Lake Baikal to the Ural Mountains. On November 7, the government of the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries was overthrown by the former imperial Russian Admiral Kolchak's coup.Kolchak called himself the "Supreme Commander of All Russia". In March 11, Kolchak organized 18 White Russian troops to cross the Ural Mountains and attack the Volga Valley.In this way, only Belarusian Semenov's army remained in the Far East.

Semyonov is a native of Transbaikal province in Russia. In 1911, Semyonov graduated from the Orenburg Military School.He fought in WWI as a yesaul. In July 1917, Semyonov served as a representative of the Provisional Government in the Baikal region and was responsible for recruiting Cossacks.After the October Revolution, Semyonov launched a rebellion against the Soviet Union. After the defeat, he fled to China. On April 7, 1918, he recruited 4 battalions of the Volunteer Army from Hailar and Angang River along the Middle Eastern Railway, and marched to Manchuria to establish the "Transbaikal" Local Provisional Government".In August of the same year, with the help of the Czechoslovak Legion, he captured Chita and moved the "Trans-Baikal Regional Provisional Government" there.With his ruthless rule, he consolidated his position in the Baikal region.As he ruled the region, he was portrayed as a "steppe bandit, intercepting trains and looting property, no matter whose cargo it was." The Provisional Government of Siberia appointed Semyonov as commander of a detachment headquartered in Chita.Initially, General Kolchak refused to recognize Semyonov's authority, but he was later forced to accept this fact and appointed Semyonov as commander-in-chief of the Chita Military District. In early 6, Semyonov declared himself the ataman of the Transbaikal Cossacks and was supported by the Japanese intervention forces.

But now the Japanese have used their usual methods to support Zhang Zuolin's army Wu Junsheng's department to take over the Middle East Railway Company unceremoniously and drive out the Russian employees.Semyonov was so angry that he immediately organized an army to fight back, but was opposed by the intervening army. More importantly, Zhang Zuolin's army did not seem to be easy to provoke, so Zhang Zuolin's Dongdong Road was so unclear. It was taken back, and for a while in the Beijing-Tianjin area, Zhang Zuolin was dubbed a patriot by various big and tabloid newspapers.

Although the Belarusian side was extremely angry about Zhang Zuolin's behavior, at this time the Russian Civil War had entered a critical moment, and they had no good solution except to protest.Britain and France are deeply worried about this, while the United States has no attitude. Japan has not objected this time and even supports it secretly. It is not difficult to say.

And Zhang Zuolin is happy. He can now be said to have gained both fame and fortune. Not only can he get enough income from the Middle East Road (a large number of intervening military supplies to aid Russia have to go through this railway), but he has also gained enough political fame. At this moment, the little flame that unifies the whole country deep in his heart began to jump up uncontrollably. . .

In the next month or so, Zhang Zuolin received 1000 million ocean taxes (contract [-] million Chinese yuan) paid by the Nationalist government on the one hand, but on the other hand, he created public opinion in the Congress, trying to abolish the local government of the Nationalist government, and completed the National unity.

In history, the Feng family was beaten all over the place by the Soviet Red Army in order to regain the Middle East Road. However, the smooth recovery in this time and space has further raised the expectations of the patriotic students in the Beijing-Tianjin area for the Paris Peace Conference. It can be said that it is already The tall ones cannot be higher.Looking at the map of the whole country, Wang Zhenyu took a deep breath and said, "Let Zhang Zuolin be happy for a while!"

In April, the Paris Peace Conference entered a critical moment. The Chinese delegation, composed of Lu Zhengxiang, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Beijing Central Government, Shi Zhaoji, Minister to the UK, Wei Chengui, Minister to Belgium, and Gu Weijun, the diplomatic representative of the Nationalist Government, formally submitted China's seven points to the peace conference. Require:

[-]. Abolish the sphere of influence; [-]. Withdraw foreign troops and patrols; [-]. Abolish foreign post offices and wired and wireless telegraph offices;

[-]. Revocation of consular jurisdiction; [-]. Return of the leased land; [-]. Return of the concession;

[-]. Freedom of tariffs;

The Paris Peace Conference was conducted from beginning to end under the manipulation of the victorious imperialist powers.

In the meeting of major powers, all major issues of the peace conference are first discussed and decided by the meeting of the five major powers.First there was the "Ten-member Conference", which was composed of Wilson and Lansing from the United States, Lloyd George and Belfort from the United Kingdom, Clemenceau and Bisheng from France, Orlando and Sannino from Italy, Komochi Saienji and Nobuaki Makino from Japan . The "ten-member meeting" is a "regular official meeting" of the five major powers, and more than 60 times were held during the peace meeting. From March 1919, 3, the "ten-person meeting" was reduced to the "four-member meeting", that is, the heads of the four countries of Britain, France, the United States, and Italy negotiated privately on European issues during the peace meeting (the Italian Prime Minister Orlando left the meeting on April 26) , the leaders of Britain, France, and the United States will control the situation in the form of a "three-person meeting").

The peace preparatory meeting, that is, the plenary meeting of the 27 countries, was held only 6 times during the peace meeting, and it was just a formality.

In the official peace conference, the representatives of the Allied Powers and the former enemy countries met separately, once to submit the final draft of the peace treaty, and once to sign the peace treaty.

Although the Chinese European Expeditionary Force has achieved beautiful results in Europe, and although the national government in the south has begun the pace of modernization, in the eyes of the great powers, China is still a weak ancient country, while Japan is the regional power in Asia.

The United Kingdom still takes good care of Japan, the little brother, but after the war, the United Kingdom has nothing to appease Japan. What they can do is very simple, which is to use China to satisfy Japan, and then enable Japan to continue to contain them Russia, at the same time, don't try to think about British and French colonies in Southeast Asia.

The peace meeting initially promised to return the rights and interests in Shandong to China; but the Japanese representative Makino Nobuaki proposed the so-called "21 Articles", saying that the member insisted that according to this treaty, the interests of the Shandong area should belong to the Empire of Japan.Britain and France transferred this right to Japan almost without thinking.

Gu Weijun immediately asked to repeat the request, changing the original seven points to eight points:

[-]. Abolish the sphere of influence; [-]. Withdraw foreign troops and patrols; [-]. Abolish foreign post offices and wired and wireless telegraph offices;

[-]. Revocation of consular jurisdiction; [-]. Return of the leased land; [-]. Return of the concession;

Seven, the right to freedom of tariffs; eight, the abolition of Article 21.

For this reason, they even asked the French Prime Minister Clemenceau alone to seek support, because the damn British have clearly stood on the side of their Japanese allies (the Anglo-Japanese alliance is the British control of the Far East and the Pacific region, Russia and the United States an important policy).

However, the Peace Conference still ceded Germany's rights in Shandong to Japan on April 1919-4, 29.

On May 1919, 5, Lu Zhengxiang, China's negotiator and foreign minister, telegraphed the matter to the Beijing government, saying that if he did not sign a contract, it would be detrimental to the abolition of consular jurisdiction, cancellation of boxer indemnity, tariff autonomy, and compensation for losses, etc. .Shanghai "Continent News" "Beijing Newsletter": "The government received a call from the Chinese delegation in Paris, saying that the diplomatic war with Japan on reclaiming the lease of Jiaozhou had failed.

This involves a political struggle. Unlike in history, the current Anhui Clan has failed early.Today's central government is in power under the Qian Nengxun government supported by the Clan.In addition to Cao Rulin, who originally belonged to the Anhui faction in history, Cao Rulin defected to the south to serve as the mayor of Wuhan, while Lu Zongyu and Zhang Zongxiang carried the banner of the new transportation department and defected to Zhang Zuolin. So united.

Correspondingly, a group of politicians who were not in harmony with the new transportation department created a National Diplomatic Association with the support of some veterans who had already gone south: on February 1919, 2, a joint organization of various groups from all walks of life in Beijing The People's Diplomatic Association holds an inaugural meeting at Xiong Xiling's residence, and elects Xiong Xiling, Wang Daxie, Liang Qichao, Lin Changmin, Fan Yuanlian, Tang Hualong, Yan Xiu, Zhang Jian, and Zhuang Yunkuan as directors. On the 16st, the committee sent a telegram to issue seven diplomatic propositions: "21. Promote the implementation of the League of Nations; [-]. Abolish the sphere of influence and formulate implementation methods; [-]. Abolish all non-breaking equal treaties and treaties concluded by coercion, lure or secret [-]. Contracts and other international documents; [-]. Regular withdrawal of consular jurisdiction; [-]. Striving for freedom of tariffs; [-]. Cancellation of Boxer indemnity balance; [-]. Take back the concession area and change it to public trade.”

Strictly speaking, the news of the failure of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference was leaked by this institution. Here we have to say that Zhang Zuolin failed in life. Although Xu Shichang, the great president, was supported by him, he did not agree with him. I have expectations, so if the negotiation fails, Xu Shichang will not and cannot sign it.But Zhang Zuolin and the Japanese couldn't afford to offend him, so he chose to secretly support the People's Diplomatic Association.

Chapter 426 The Summer of May [-]th ([-])

"Students, classmates, everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. Just last night, the incompetent Prime Minister Qian Nengxun actually sent a secret telegram to the representative of Lu Zhengxiang to sign at the Paris Peace Conference. The manuscript of my telegram, Jiaozhou is dead! Shandong is dead! The country is not the country! The country will never die, and I hope that [-] million people will die for it." Director Lin Changmin made an impassioned speech at the door.

And those who have been waiting at the door are patriotic students from various universities in the capital. When Britain and France decided to hand over China's Shandong Province to Japan, the news that Qian Nengxun secretly ordered the Chinese delegation in Paris to sign it undoubtedly ignited the patriotic students' last hope. bottom line.

Lin Changmin publicly announced the decision of the People's Foreign Affairs Committee:

[-]. On May [-], the National Assembly will be held in the Central Park, and all provinces and organizations will be distributed on the same day;

21. Declares that it does not recognize Article [-] and the secret treaty between Britain, France, Italy, etc. and Japan on the disposal of the Shandong issue;

[-]. If the claim of our country cannot be extended during the peace conference, the government should be asked to withdraw the special envoy;

[-]. State the opinions of the citizens to the embassies of the United Kingdom, the United States, France and Italy.

But what Lin Changmin and others did not expect was that on May [-]th, the next day, the May [-]th Student Movement, which shocked China and the world, broke out.

On the afternoon of May 1919, 5, more than 4 patriotic students from twelve schools in Beijing held demonstrations. The "May 3000th" movement broke out.

In fact, on the evening of May 5, Peking University students held a student conference in the auditorium of Beiheyan University of Science and Technology, and invited representatives from 3 secondary schools in Beijing to attend.The student representatives who participated in the meeting included: President of the Beijing Student Union, President of the Beijing Student Union of Secondary Schools and Above, Duan Xipeng, President of the National Student Union, Luo Jialun, Fang Hao, Luo Zhanglong, Wang Zhizhi, Zhang Guotao, Fu Sinian, Deng Zhongxia, Xu Deyan, Gao Junyu, Luo Longji, Wang Zaoshi, Chen Changtong, He Haoruo, Qu Qiubai, Wen Yiduo, Zheng Zhenduo, Liu Renjing and others, the meeting decided to hold a demonstration on the 13th (Sunday).

At 1919 a.m. on May 5, 4, students from each school held a meeting to agree on a parade route.At 10:1 p.m., more than 3000 students from Beijing gathered at the gathering point, and the blood book "Return me Qingdao" from Peking University students was hung on the spot.The team marched towards the embassy area, but was stopped by patrols. The student representatives asked to meet with the ministers of the four countries. Only the American embassy staff accepted the student's statement, while the British, French, and Italian embassies refused to accept it.When things came to this point, Zhang Zuolin's Marshal's Mansion didn't say anything. It was said that Zhang Yushuai was busy playing mahjong. After all, it was just students making trouble, so mutiny was more dangerous in his opinion.When Yang Yuting reported the matter to him, what Zhang Yushui asked was: "Yuting, let's pay this month's salary, and the brothers below don't make trouble and nothing will happen."

Zhang Zuolin actually has such a mentality, one can imagine how slow Beijing's top management will be in responding to the student movement.

But the students moved quickly. Unlike in history, Cao Rulin went to serve in the Southern Nationalist Government after Duan Qirui collapsed, and strictly speaking, he did not participate much in the Xiyuan loan issue, so he successfully escaped the student movement.However, Liang Shiyi, Lu Zongyu, Zhang Zongxiang and other officials from the transportation department who took refuge in Fengjun were not so lucky. Lin Changmin and the others unceremoniously shifted the responsibility of signing the contract with Japan to them, and the students naturally did not hesitate. Politely ask them to settle accounts.

The funniest thing is that Liang Shiyi moved into the Zhaojialou mansion that Cao Rulin resold after he went south.

So Kuang Husheng, a student from Hunan, took the lead in rushing into the Liang mansion in Zhaojialou, and the situation got out of control in an instant.They failed to catch Liang Shiyi, but they managed to catch Zhang Zongxiang who was a guest at Liang Shiyi's mansion, and a gang fight was inevitable.

In Chinese history, the status of scholars has always been high. There is a saying that "everything is inferior, only reading is high", and scholars are often called "masters of learning".Zhang Ming stated in "Beiyang Fission": In the late Qing Dynasty, soldiers did not dare to easily enter the school to make trouble, even if there was a revolutionary party in the school that needed to be searched.After entering the Republic of China, this kind of situation that the military and police were afraid of students did not disappear.Even with orders from above, the military and police are still timid in front of the students, fearing three things and four things.They respect the students as masters, saying that we are Qiu Ba and you are Qiu Jiu, who are a generation older than us.The military and police not only stopped arresting the students, but tried their best to persuade them not to go out to give speeches, "some even knelt and begged."At that time, the military and police were also very embarrassed. They wanted to maintain order but did not dare to take action. As a result, they could only be cowardly and passively accept the students' attacks.On the day of the May [-]th Movement, Li Changtai, the infantry commander, persuaded the students who gathered in Mao Zedong to disperse. Some students called him a "traitor". Have you given it up to others?" He expressed his willingness to convey his opinions to the students, but he begged the students not to use barbaric methods. When the students replied that they were very civilized, the officer drove away in a car.

When the students broke into the Zhao family building and set fire to the house, the armed police were unmoved.Zhang Zongxiang was brutally beaten by students and injured more than 50 places all over his body. The dozens of armed police officers present were helpless. Someone around him called for help from the police, and the policeman replied, "We dare not beat (students) without orders from our superiors. "

At that time, Li Changtai caught a few left-behind students to deal with the errands. When they needed to testify, none of the military police present was willing to testify.Even the military police who were injured by the students were reluctant to testify against the students. They claimed that there were thousands of students at the time.

It should be said that compared with later generations, the Beijing military and police in this era are still a group of people with a conscience, a group of people with a conscience.

However, the burning of Zhao’s House clearly exceeded the expectations of the military and police. If they did not arrest people, they might not be able to explain them. So on May 30th, the Beijing military and police arrested more than [-] students.That night, President Xu Shichang rejected the request made by Lin Changmin and others to release the arrested students, and the subsequent situation became out of control.

On May 1919, 5, all colleges and universities in Beijing went on strike.

On the same day, Sun Wen, Chairman of the National Government, called Xu Shichang, President of the Central Government, in the name of the National Government: "I have recently heard that the Beijing Normal University is an act of patriotism to preserve sovereignty. However, it is unwise for the government to go too far and arrest many students. I hope it will be released and returned as soon as possible, and it is appropriate to dispose of it properly."