Back to the Republic of China as a commander

The reincarnation system of living Buddhas originated in the early twelfth century.In 1193 A.D., the founder of the Karma Kagyu Sect of Tibetan Buddhism, Dusumqinba (meaning three periods of holy consciousness, three periods are the past, present and future), told him on his deathbed that he would be reincarnated. The last words searched for and identified the reincarnated soul boy, which opened a precedent for the reincarnation of living Buddhas in Tibetan Buddhism.Since then, the new religious system of living Buddha reincarnation has been widely adopted by various sects of Tibetan Buddhism, and in the long-term development process, a complete set of strict and systematic rules for the search, identification and education of living Buddha reincarnated soul children have gradually been formed. system.The living Buddha lineages sprung up on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau like mushrooms after rain.It is estimated that the total number of living Buddhas in Tibetan Buddhism can reach nearly [-].

It is worth pointing out here that different types of living Buddha systems have emerged in each sect of Tibetan Buddhism, and the titles of each living Buddha system have their own special causes and symbolic meanings.

The name of the Karmapa living Buddha system is named after the sect to which it belongs, which is derived from the word "Karma" (ka-rma) of the Karma Kagyu sect.Tracing back to the source, the name of the sect is derived from the temple name of the ancestral temple, and the name of the ancestral temple comes from a certain place name.In 1157 A.D., Dusumqinba founded a monastery in the Karma area near Leiwuqi in Qamdo, and it was named Karma Lading Temple (or Karma Dansa Temple).He used the monastery as a dojo, vigorously preaching the teachings of the Kagyu sect and his own Buddhist views, and thus formed the most dynamic sect in the Kagyu sect, and named it the name of the Kagyu sect.Later, the Karma Kagyu Sect produced the first reincarnated living Buddha in the history of Tibetan Buddhism, and it was also named after the sect. "Karmapa·Black Hat Series" and "Karmapa·Red Hat Series", in which the Red Hat Series was forced to be interrupted when the living Buddha reincarnated to the tenth; while the Black Hat Series Living Buddha has been inherited and has been reincarnated to the 17th The world, that is, the 17th Karmapa, is now in Daran Sala, India with the Dalai Lama.The Karmapa Living Buddha is a living Buddha system with the longest history and the most reincarnations in the history of Tibetan Buddhism.

The titles of the living Buddha system of the Gelug Sect, such as Lama and Panchen Erdeni, were granted by the central dynasties of the past dynasties.In 1578 AD, the third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso, met with Alatan Khan of the Tumed tribe of Mongolia at Yanghua Temple on the shore of Qinghai Lake, and exchanged titles.Alatan Khan presented Sonam Gyatso with "Holy Knowledge of All Wazirda Lamas", and Alatan Khan later reported it to the Ming Dynasty, which was confirmed by the Ming court.Among them, "Wazir Da La" is a transliteration of Sanskrit vajra-dhra, meaning King Kong; "**" is a transliteration of Mongolian, meaning "sea"; Lama is a transliteration of Tibetan, meaning "Guru".This is the original origin of the name of the ** Lama Living Buddha system.In 1653 A.D., Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty conferred the title of the fifth Dalai Lama as the "Ordinary Wachi Lata Lama Da Lama of Buddhism led by the Great Shan Zizai Buddha in the West".Since then, the title of the living Buddha system of Dalai Lama has been determined, and it has become the title of one of the two major living Buddha systems of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. **The lama (ta-la-bla-ma) is recognized by Tibetan Buddhism as the incarnation of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva, who has been reincarnated to the 14th life**.

Panchen Erdeni (pan-chen-aer-te-ni), one of the two major living Buddha systems of the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism, is considered to be the incarnation of the Buddha of Infinite Light.In 1645 A.D., Gushri Khan of the Heshuo Tebu of Mongolia bestowed the honorary title of "Panchen Bokeduo" on the fourth Panchen Lama Lobsang Chokyi Gyaltsen.The word "Ban" in the title is the abbreviation of "Banzhida" in Sanskrit, which means a scholar who is proficient in "Five Ming Studies"; the word "Zen" is the abbreviation of "Zenbo" in Tibetan, which means "big" or "master". "; "Bokdo" is Mongolian, meaning "a wise and heroic figure".Since then, Panchen has become the title of this living Buddha system.In 1713 AD, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty conferred the title of "Panchen Erdeni" on the fifth Panchen Lama, Luosang Yixi. "Erdeni" is Manchu, meaning "treasure".Afterwards, the title of Panchen Erdeni was confirmed. Of course, sometimes it is still referred to as "Panchen".The current Panchen Erdeni Living Buddha system has been reincarnated to the 11th.Its base in Xizang is the Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, Tibet.

The appellation of Pabala Living Buddha (vphags-pa-lha) system is named after the famous Shengtian master in the history of Indian Buddhism.Tibetan "(Pabala)" is the free translation of "Holy Heaven".The residence of Pabala Living Buddhas in the past is Jambalin Temple in Qamdo, and the 11th Pabala Living Buddha has now been reincarnated.

The name of the Jamyang Living Buddha system is named after the eminent monk who founded the Labrang Monastery in Gansu.Because this learned and eminent monk became the first Jamyang Living Buddha, his full name is written in Tibetan as "vjam-dbyngs-bzhad-pa", which means "Manjusri", so it is not difficult to understand that Jamyang Living Buddha The system is the incarnation of Manjusri Bodhisattva. Now he is reincarnated to the 6th Jamyang Living Buddha, and his residence is Labrang Monastery.

The name of the Gongtang Living Buddha (gung-thang) system is named after the name of Gongtang Temple.The first Living Buddha Gongtang spent his later years in Gongtang Temple in Tibet, where he began to become a reincarnated Living Buddha. Therefore, there is an inseparable relationship between Living Buddha Gongtang and Gongtang Temple; Please go to Labrang Monastery to reside in tin, so the living Buddhas of Gongtang in the past have lived in Labrang Monastery, not Gongtang Monastery in Tibet.Now he has been reincarnated as the sixth living Buddha Gongtang.

In addition, there are many other living Buddha systems, such as Zhangjia Living Buddha (Zhangjia Hutuktu), Jebtsundamba Living Buddha (Zhebzundamba Hutuktu), Xiarong Gabu Living Buddha, Rezhen Living Buddha ( Reting Hutuktu), Dorje Zha Living Buddha, Xia Ridong Living Buddha, Cemolin Living Buddha, Dimu Living Buddha (Dimu Hutuktu), Situ Living Buddha (Situ of Babang Temple), Jiangyang Qinze Living Buddha, Tuguan Living Buddha (Tuguan Hutuktu), Zhihecang Living Buddha, Zhuocang Jubacang Living Buddha, Zhuocang Manbacang Living Buddha, Wujia Living Buddha, Red Hat Living Buddha and so on.

Chapter 360 Lamaism ([-])

Everyone has their own ideals in life, and Master Suo Guanying is a good comrade with ideals and pursuits.His life ideal is naturally not Wang Zhenyu's super ideal of unifying China and deterring all directions. Suo Guanying is very practical. He just wants his family to become the most powerful family in Tibet, such as the Xigexi family, Duoka family, etc. Like the Tunpa family, the Tunpa family, and the Sangdrup Podrang family.In the eyes of outsiders, this is an ideal, but from the perspective of a Tibetan chieftain, his ideal is already big enough to scare people to death.You must know that he is just a chieftain of Zhuo Keji, and there are so many big families above him.Even if all the eighteen Western Sichuan families support him alone, the Rezhen Living Buddha family, who are the spokespersons of the chieftains in Western Sichuan, have been hit hard by the anti-government forces.

In such a situation where every day should not be called the land is not working, Suo Guanying's thinking turned from inside Tibet to outside Tibet.In his opinion, the Han people will not live in the snowy plateau for a long time, nor can they rob the land and wealth of the snowy plateau.What these Han people want is the sovereignty of this piece of land. Hasn’t it been like this for the past few hundred years?Only the Buddha, who went to British India, didn't know whether he had lost his mind or was bewitched by the villain. He actually wanted to change all this and fantasized about building a great Tibet.

Suo Guanying Dangre also knows that the outside world has undergone earth-shaking changes in the past few years. He himself studied in Chengdu, and theoretically he is also a new school figure.But in the face of interests, ideology is often worthless. **Under the instigation of the British, Buddha wants to build a big Tibet, reform politics, and build a new type of army.It is inevitable to take back the power that originally belonged to the monasteries and chieftains, and it is inevitable to seek wealth from these vested interests.This makes the Tibetan aristocrats who originally supported Mao Zedong now become the most unstable cornerstone of the [-]th Dalai Lama's regime. You must know that only two years ago, these gentlemen brought their own private soldiers to help Mao Zedong Buddha laid down Qamdo.

The situation is always changing, and all the little people are eager to try in the process of constant change. After all, no one wants to miss the opportunity to become a big shot.Suo Guanying is such a small person. He has been paying attention to the changes in the Han area. Wang Zhenyu's power suddenly ruled most of China like a balloon, which made him extremely envious. He vaguely felt that the old Central Empire was coming back. .And as long as I can seize this opportunity and gain the support of the Han people, then at least in the next 100 years, I and my descendants will become the masters of the land of Tibet.Thinking of this, Suo Guanying's mind became alive, and he secretly made up his mind that this time, he would take good care of the General Liu in front of him no matter what, because he had already heard about General Liu's rebellion through his classmates who worked in the Sichuan Provincial Government. Although the insider information about this classmate’s position is not high, Suo Guanying is more convinced of his initial judgment that the general Liu’s rebellion is probably fake, and its essence is Wang Zhenyu’s The commander-in-chief sent to fix Tibet.As for why there was a high-profile rebellion, it is estimated that Marshal Wang is too bad. He wanted to take Tibet, but he didn't want to offend the British.who cares?Anyway, I think this is definitely true, Zhuo Keji's spring is coming. . .

With the idea of ​​getting closer to Liu Xiang, Suo Guanying paid a lot of money to see Liu Xiang, and was invited Liu Xiang to be a guest in his most luxurious and comfortable chieftain's village in Zhuokeji in western Sichuan.Zhuokeji Tusi Village is located in Zhuokeji Town, about 7 kilometers southeast of Malkang County, on the high ground at the confluence of Suomo River and Xisuo River, and also the intersection of the two highways from Malkang to Chengdu and Xiaojin. It is surrounded by mountains and rivers. The scenery is beautiful.In the days when transportation was underdeveloped, this was the only way for Jiarong Tibetan area to go east to Wenchuan and enter the inland. In the north, you can go to Gansu and Qinghai provinces through the grassland, in the south you can go to Ya'an and Xichang through Xiaojin, and in the west you can go to Jinchuan and Danbake. To Ganzi, Tibet.It is known as the key to control the traffic in the plateau and mountains of Northwest Sichuan.Chieftain Zhuo Keji's official village is a building facing south from the north. Chieftain Suo Guanying personally designed and organized the construction.The whole building is composed of four groups of watchtowers to form a closed courtyard. The central part of the courtyard is a patio, with a single floor area of ​​1500 square meters.The south building on the front is a building with one floor and one bottom floor. The ground floor is entered by the gate, which is the foyer; the second floor is the Han-style "reception room", also known as the "foreign guest hall", which is a special place for chieftains to receive Han officials, businessmen and tourists, with a flat roof. , such as today's balcony, used to soak up the sun, enjoy the scenery, or issue orders to the policeman of Xisuo Village looking up across the river.The north building directly opposite to Guanzhai is the fourth floor and the bottom. The first, second, and third floors are warehouses, guest rooms, tea rooms, etc. The middle of the fourth and fifth floors is the Dajing Hall. The scripture halls of various sects of Buddhism; outside the wall of the four-story scripture hall, there is a wooden sutra turning corridor cantilevered out of the wall, and a row of wooden sutra tubes wrapped in cowhide is placed in the corridor.The west building and the east building on the left and right sides of Guanzhai are buildings with the third floor and one basement, and the fourth floor and one basement respectively. They are the houses, study rooms, kitchens, warehouses, and houses for chief butlers, junior housekeepers and handymen for chieftains and their families; There are stepped wooden stairs leading directly to the top floor on the left side of the East and East Buildings, and there is a wooden corridor next to the patio of each building as a passage between the corridors on the same floor.On the left side of Guanzhai stands a square watchtower connected with the west building. When it was first built, it had a total of 9 floors and 28 meters. It was stable in shape and imposing. At the same time, it is also a symbol of the chieftain's supreme power, status and wealth.In history, a certain great man who lived here for a week during the Long March of the Red Army once lamented that "there was Meiwu in ancient times, but there is now an official village" about this official village, and he believed that the castle of the chieftain should be the place where the castle was built during the Long March. The most distinctive building I've seen.

It's a pity that for Liu Xiang, who has lived in prosperous places such as Chengdu and Chongqing for a long time, this dilapidated official village is really nothing to see, and it is not comfortable. Highland barley wine is not as good as Luzhou Laojiao wine. , Liu Xiang vomited after taking a sip. According to Tibetan rules, as a guest, you either have to finish your drink, or you don’t touch it.But at this time, Suo Guanying was busy introducing the history and culture of Tibet, and he didn't dare to talk about ethnic habits in front of a general like Liu Xiang.

And Liu Xiang listened to Suo Guanying's rambling for a long time, seemingly explaining the essence of Tibetan Buddhism clearly, but Liu Xiang's personal feeling was even more confused.

"That, that, what is the relationship between Zhenhuo Buddha and you guys? I didn't remember what you said just now." Liu Xiang yawned rudely and asked.

Suo Guanying didn't dare to argue with the Han chief about politeness, so he got up quickly and said, "I tell General Liu, it's the Reting Rinpoche. This Buddha is very honorable. He used to be one of the four great Hutuktus in Tibet. The previous Reting Rinpoche was the regent of our Tibet, and helped the old Buddha to quell the civil strife in Lhasa, but the Buddha did not remember his kindness..."

Although Liu Xiang was marching with a sliding pole, this thing was the most tiring thing, and he was tired while sitting. He waved his hand and said, "Don't say these things are useless. What I want to know most now is the current situation in Lhasa. What's the situation? Specifically, which bastard is in power?"

Suo Guanying is also a person who speaks for himself in Malkang on weekdays, but now that the little hooligan meets the big hooligan, he has to nod and bow his head and say: "Yes, yes, yes, what General Liu said is true. It is a bit of a low-level job. This is currently in Lhasa. The one in power is the thirteenth Dalai Lama Buddha himself."

"Toastmaster Suo, didn't you just say this, did the regency govern Tibet? How come it's the thirteenth emperor's turn to govern himself?"

"General Liu didn't know something. In the year when the Qing Dynasty fell, Lhasa was originally controlled by the Minister in Tibet, and the Buddha hid in Nepal. But when the news of the Qing Dynasty's fall came, the big nobles in Tibet Then they unfurled the banner of ** to attack the Qing army. And ** Buddha took the opportunity to return to Lhasa, and brought many red-haired foreigners, who are said to be English. ** Buddha took advantage of the opportunity of Rezhen Buddha's death , announced that there would no longer be a regency. Then the year before last, they took down Qamdo, the last stronghold guarded by the Han people. Everyone said that this was the skill of the Great Buddha, even the Panchen Lama. Let the ** Buddha say it."

After listening to Suo Guanying's words, Liu Xiang fell into deep thought. It seems that the issue of Tibet is really as complicated as Mr. Xizi said.It can't be solved simply by taking the [-] people under his command to push [-]. This thing is not playing mahjong. Thinking about it, it is really three parts military and seven parts politics.And this time the troops were dispatched to Tibet, despite the fact that Marshal Wang of Wuhan gave a lot of benefits, he made a very practical request, that is, both the Communist Party and the Panchen Lama must be sent to Wuhan, otherwise, although he didn’t say anything, but It is estimated that this ruthless Marshal Wang really wiped himself out as a rebel.

"Then under the circumstances, even the Panchen Lama and the Rezhen Living Buddha supported by Chieftain Suo are very prestigious," the shuddering Liu Xiangshen murmured.

Suo Guanying realized that he was talking in vain. In fact, the Panchen Lama and Rezhen were the reincarnated Living Buddhas of the Gelug Sect just like **. They still have some prestige in Houzang and western Sichuan, but not in the whole of Tibet* The prestige of * is high.In particular, the Rezhen Living Buddha is only one of the eight Hutuktus of Tibetan Buddhism and one of the top four forest Hutuktus under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the title of Hutuktu has been directly deprived of this life. Where does this prestige come from?But for his own benefit, Suo Guanying, who longed for Liu Xiang's support from the bottom of his heart, still gritted his teeth and said: "What General Liu said is very true. Restoring the thousand-year peaceful life of Tibetans who worship Buddha with peace of mind."

If Liu Xiang didn't understand that he was not a gecko after hearing this, the Tibetan chieftain in front of him was not as honest and honest as he looked. This kid was planning to let Lao Tzu help him expand his power.

Liu Xiang turned around and looked at his father Liu Wenhui who was sitting next to him. It seemed that this father also understood the current situation, and it seemed that he could discuss it with him.

Chapter 361 Lamaism ([-])

Liu Xiang originally had his own staff team, but since the Sichuan Army accepted the reorganization, a large number of officers who had followed him were unceremoniously transferred to serve in the European Expeditionary Force.Now my chief of staff, Chen Quzhen, was transferred from Wuhan, so it is a joke to say that Liu Xiang rebelled. How can an officer below a regiment not be the commander of his own direct line to rebel?Fortunately, the soldiers are still their own soldiers, and Wuhan still trusts themselves, and the children of their own Liu family Dayi are allowed to stay and be promoted.This allowed Liu Xiang to retain the last bit of the feeling of a warlord. At least his officers' promotion to Wuhan will not follow the standards similar to the Youth Army.According to the standards of the Youth Army, a company commander must be a crash course or graduate of Wuhan Army University.

Liu Xiang's cronies are right now those who have brains are unreliable, and those who are reliable have no brains. After thinking about it, this Yaoba who came back from Baoding is the most reliable.

After dinner, Suo Guanying was afraid that Liu Xiang, the Han general, would not live comfortably enough, so he took the initiative to give up his bedroom. The carefully carved wooden bed was covered with a bright yellow brocade quilt, and the Tibetan Buddhist figures on the brocade quilt were embroidered Come to life.In addition, Suo Guanying also arranged for three very beautiful Tibetan girls in his opinion to go to bed, but our general Liu is obviously not very interested in intercourse, so he directly took the Tibetans whose skin was not fair enough or even a little dark red in his opinion. The girl was invited out, and then he closed the door and discussed with Liu Wenhui.

"Dad Yao, what do you think of this Suo Tusi man? Is it reliable?" Liu Xiang couldn't help but asked while rubbing his belly. The highland barley wine and butter tea were really hard for Liu Xiang, who was used to Sichuan cuisine, to eat reluctantly. After going down, I still have indigestion, which makes my stomach very uncomfortable.

Liu Wenhui is different from this older nephew. He studied in Baoding Military Academy, and he can be considered a traveler. For him, the taste of northern cuisine is not much better than the staple food of this Tibetan!So just eat it, there is nothing unaccustomed to it.His mind is indeed on the issue of pacifying Tibet. After all, the family business of this nephew can almost be regarded as the family business of the entire Liu family. There are almost 130 people from Dayi who follow Liu Xiang's team. .Although Liu Wenhui joined late, firstly, he has a high degree of education, and secondly, he has a high seniority, so he also participated in the meeting with Yang Du.

Therefore, Liu Wenhui thought for a while and said very carefully: "Commander, although Mr. Xizi didn't say it clearly, but the general meaning has been pointed out to us. We are not going to Tibet this time to destroy anyone, but to control the whole world. hidden situation."

Liu Xiang nodded and said: "I know this, but I still don't have a clue after much deliberation. Dad, tell me, how we can really control the whole of Tibet. Marshal Wang is not a good master. !"

Liu Wenhui said in a low voice: "Commander, didn't the Suo Guanying Suo Tusi in front of you just deliver this chapter to your door?"

"how to say?"

"Tibetans have their own rules in the world of Tibetans. If we want to control the whole of Tibet, we must abide by this rule. Otherwise, the whole of Tibet will continue to be turbulent and restless."

Wang Zhenyu is not at the scene, if he was there, he would definitely give Liu Wenhui a thumbs up: "Brother, tall, it is really tall, it is indeed far-sighted and insightful!"

Wang Zhenyu clearly remembered that some workers and peasants in later generations did not read books or newspapers, blindly believed in the so-called spiritual power, ignored the law of objective development of affairs, and adopted a tough strategy on the Tibet issue. The government was released by mistake, causing problems in Tibet and Mongolia, which have been unable to be resolved for a long time.Then he made mistakes on the issue of Xinjiang, and adopted a gentle strategy towards Islam. It is said that he was afraid that the Soviet Communists would do bad things. In fact, it is unnecessary. You just throw Muslims to the Soviet Union, and they will soon be killed by the Soviet Union. The secret agents of the Ministry of Internal Affairs demanded a choice between life and faith.

Far away, Liu Xiang's eyes immediately brightened at Liu Wenhui's suggestion. In fact, Liu Xiang is also a clever person. He didn't think of it before, mainly because he didn't think about it.He immediately smiled and said: "Dad Yao, I understand, I understand. This matter really needs someone like Suo Guanying to help. This kid is also an old fox. No wonder he introduced Lamaism to Laozi from the beginning. The history. The co-author is waiting for me here, just to tell me about their Tibetan rules, this kid is planning to let us support him and his Reting Rinpoche.”

Liu Wenhui nodded and said: "Yes, Commander, this is actually nothing, it's just mutual use. As long as Suo Guanying obediently obeys after taking control of Tibet, and guarantees that Tibet is under our control, that is to complete the commander's confession. In this way, he can be regarded as a meritorious minister, and it is reasonable for us to support him."

"What Dad Yao said is, in this way, let's call Suo Tusi in and make a good plan. As long as he can fulfill me, I will naturally fulfill him..."

Lhasa, Tibet, Potala Palace, the thirteenth Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso just woke up from a nightmare, he is sitting by the bed with cold hands and feet, staring blankly at the fish maw-colored sky in the distance, without saying a word.

Speaking of which, this Buddha is also a formidable character. In August 1895 (the 21st year of Guangxu), he took charge of the government and executed the former regent, Muhu Tuktu, for the crime of murder. He also banned the reincarnation of the Living Buddha until 1910, when the Qing government intervened.Since then, Prime Minister Sui has assumed the political and religious power in Tibet.This story is quite dramatic. In 1895 (the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the thirteenth Dalai Lama was already 20 years old. According to the old practice, the Panchen Lama should confer the Bhikkhu precepts on him. The qualifications were changed to the Buddhist master Pujue Luosang Chuchen Qiangpa Gyatso to teach the bhikkhu precepts.At this time, a major political event occurred in Tibet, that is, the regent Mu Hutuktu died violently and was ruled by the thirteenth emperor.In October of the same year, Dimu asked for "dismissal" "due to illness", and Kui Huan, the Minister in Tibet, reported to the Qing government, with instructions: "Order the Minister of Military Aircraft, etc.... Dimu's Minister Tuketu said that he tried his best because of illness. If he is dismissed, his request will be approved immediately, and all Tibetan political and religious affairs will be under the control of the Dalai Lama."According to the Tibetan biography of the thirteenth emperor, Mu Hutuktu, the regent, was "dismissed" in name, but in fact he still manipulated the power and cursed him, trying to kill the thirteenth emperor.It is said that one day Dimu Hutuktu's younger brother, Aobu Cairen, gave the thirteenth emperor a pair of boots. After wearing them, he felt unwell, so he asked Nai Jiong to ask him, and Naijiong said that Di Muhutuk There are ghosts in the boots that Tu sent, and she disassembled the boots for inspection, and found that there was a charm of her birthday date inside, which could make the thirteenth emperor die early.So the Thirteenth Emperor arrested Aobu Cairen, the younger brother of Dimu Hutuktu, for interrogation.Dimu Hutuktu died violently in his Danjilin Temple that night at the age of 45.

Since then, the thirteenth emperor has truly mastered the power of Tibet, but it is his two long-distance escapes that made him famous in history.

The first time was in 1903, when the British invaded Tibet. The Qing Dynasty, which had just signed the Gengzi Treaty, naturally turned a blind eye to what the British did.The thirteenth emperor has a backbone, he immediately organized a brave Tibetan army to resist the British, and then he ran away by himself.Of course he ran away not out of fear, but to avoid being captured by the British.Because the performance of the Tibetan army in this battle really made him feel unreliable, on August 1903, 8, the British army captured Lhasa unceremoniously.Do you know how far our ** Buddha ran?He ran directly to Kulun. It is said that if the officials of the Qing government in Kulun had not dissuaded him in time, the Buddha would have been ready to go to Russia. . .

The second escape was when the thirteenth emperor returned to Tibet from Beijing. At this time, in order to strengthen the border defense, the Qing government dispatched [-] troops from Sichuan to Tibet. Well, there is Chen Quzhen, the current chief of staff of Liu Xiang.However, it is said that the military discipline of these Sichuan soldiers is very bad, and because they are foreign soldiers, the relationship with the local Tibetan nobles is quite tense.This is understandable. After all, it is the army, and it is natural not to take needles and threads from the people, but it is necessary to requisition cattle and sheep. No one who leaves their hometown is not looking for sin.At that time, Lhasa was in chaos immediately, and the thirteenth Dalai Lama naturally fled here in a very naked manner, but this time he did not go to Russia, probably because the first escape left a deep impression on him.He went to the most dangerous and safest place, India.

From then on, the Thirteenth Emperor began to live in refuge with British imperialism.

Then Tibet began a war against the Han army, and then the thirteenth Dalai Lama regained his prestige again in this war.And the control of the British over Tibet was further strengthened through the Thirteenth Revolution, and even manipulated the later Simla Conference. These are all history.

In this time and space, the Thirteenth Lai is not the idiot that everyone thinks. The experience of fleeing for the second time made him consciously or unconsciously start to care about what happened outside Tibet.

The first change that made him feel flustered was that the British, who had always supported him, seemed to have significantly reduced their material assistance for the establishment of the Great Tibet for some reason.Recently, the British have even canceled their office in Sikkim, Nepal, Tibet. Although ** does not know about European affairs, he clearly feels that the British are no longer able to do it.

The second change that alarmed him was the Han people. In the [-] southern provinces, a Han named Wang Zhenyu completed the partial unification of the country, and the power tentacles of this great warlord named Wang Zhenyu had extended to the fringes of Tibetan areas. I have never dealt with this upstart Han Chinese, but Mrs. Thirteenth faintly feels that this person has some kind of fate with him. . .

When he was trying to calm down his flustered mood, his confidant Lun Qingxiazha suddenly ran in and shouted in a low voice: "Buddha, it's not good, something serious happened..."

Chapter 362 Lamaism ([-])

Longsha Dorji Cijie was born in an aristocratic family in Sulong (now Dana area, Xietongmen County) in Houzang.At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he served as Zikang Zhaba.

In 1914, Longxia, the fourth-rank official, was ordered by His Holiness the Thirteenth King as the leader of the team, leading four young Tibetan aristocrats (Menchong Chin Rao Gongsang, Jipu Lob Wangdui, Qiang Oba Rindor Dorjee, Guo Kar Wa Sorang Gumbu) went to study in the UK.This is the first time that Tibet has officially sent overseas students to study in Europe and the United States.Long Xia immediately went to England with his wife, and then went to France, Italy and other countries successively.During his stay in the UK, he was in charge of supervising the study of four foreign students so that they could become talents in mineral exploration, electrical machinery, telegraph service, military affairs, etc. After returning to Tibet in 4, it was reused by the thirteenth emperor. In 4, he was promoted to Ziben, and later known as "Ziben Longxia".

Strictly speaking, although the 35-year-old Long Xia once went to study in the UK, he is not a separatist as mentioned in the history books. As for his pro-British political outlook, he is more likely to cater to the needs of the thirteenth Dalai Lama. .Perhaps it was the strong performance of the British army and the weakness of the Qing government that deeply shocked Grand Buddha. In short, after the demise of the Qing Dynasty, the thirteenth Grand Buddha, who personally served as the regent, has changed from being anti-British to politically. Anglophile.And Long Xia, who relied on the Buddha in politics, naturally followed closely without hesitation, and finally followed to pro-British.In other words, if Grandpa Buddha suddenly decides to oppose the British tomorrow morning, I believe Long Xia will follow without hesitation.

However, Longxia has also been troubled recently. After regaining Qamdo, the Thirteenth Emperor was very satisfied with the Tibetan army's performance in defeating the Han army. In his opinion, as long as it has good equipment and training, the Tibetan army can also become an invincible army army.So under the leadership of Bell, the British commissioner in Sikkim, Long Xia was appointed to participate in the formation of a new Tibetan army.However, since the year before last, the British stopped the aid of arms and supplies, and he didn't even give a reason. He negotiated with Bell several times, and the other party also expressed that he could not continue to provide assistance, and could only provide part of the arms in the form of a transaction. Another confidant of the Communist Party, Shadrak Ban Kyaw Dorje Kalon, was a serious Anglophile. This Lord Shardha immediately began to search for wealth in the whole of Tibet to buy goods from the British.As a result, the nobles whose interests were harmed were very dissatisfied with this.Naturally, these nobles did not dare to trouble the Buddha, and most of their anger was directed towards Xia Zha and Long Xia.In fact, Long Xia was also very dissatisfied with Xia Zha's actions, because Beijing at that time was not capable of threatening Tibet. In his view, Xia Zha's actions were not so much about building up a Tibetan army to resist the Han people, but rather taking the opportunity to expand his own power. .