I make a popular science video and all the emperors learn from it!

[Started the third of the four major cases of popular science Hongwu.] 】

[Guo Huan case!]

[Cause of the incident:]

[At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, after the uprising and war at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the people's livelihood withered and was in ruins. 】

[The main problem facing Zhu Yuanzhang is how to quickly restore the economy, how to enhance the country's economic and military strength, and how to achieve a truly rich country and a strong people. 】

[For this reason, Zhu Yuanzhang issued an edict to hundreds of officials: "The world is initially decided, and the people are financially poor, such as the bird that flies for the first time cannot pull its feathers, and the newly planted tree cannot shake its roots, but must recuperate in peace. "】

[After more than ten years of recuperation, the national economy has improved, and the people have basically solved the problem of food and clothing. 】

[However, then there were other problems that plagued Zhu Yuanzhang. 】

[First, the meritorious aristocracy is increasingly disrupting the normal social and economic order of the country. 】

[After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang rewarded meritorious deeds and rewarded hundreds of officials, and the fiefs of meritorious nobles spread all over the world, especially the rich places of the country. 】

23 [However, many of the meritorious nobles have violated the law and violated the prohibition, relying on power and bullying their neighbors, so much so that Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the Ministry of Industry to cast an iron list to admonish the princes, listing these meritorious nobles forcibly occupying officials and people, mountains, forests, lakes, tea gardens, relatives and slaves, bullying the people, embezzling other people's property and other illegal and criminal behaviors and handling regulations.

】

[Second, the local landlords and gentry increased in strength, and gradually colluded with the meritorious nobles and officials at all levels. 】

[In the wealthy Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, for example, in order to avoid paying taxes, the local large landowners registered most of their fields and properties in the names of meritorious nobles. 】

[At the same time, the local gentry colluded with officials at all levels. 】

[Some defrauded the state of disaster relief grain funds by forging books and falsely reporting disasters and famines, some concealed land properties to evade taxes, and some passed on taxes that should have been borne by landlords to the people. 】

[Since ancient times, "the world has paid taxes half of the Jiangnan.] 】

[Most of the tax revenue of various dynasties and dynasties came from the Jiangnan region, so Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty built the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal at that time, not only to facilitate the tour of the south of the Yangtze River, but also to facilitate the transportation of the tax revenue from the Jiangnan region back to the north. 】

[Now that the interests of the meritorious officials, officials and gentry have been formed, most of the country's tax revenue has been filled by these people, creating a big hole in the finances of the Ming Dynasty government. 】

【......】

[In the eighteenth year of Hongwu, a corruption case broke out in the Ming Dynasty that shocked the whole country. 】

[Yushi Yu Min and others suddenly reported to Zhu Yuanzhang that Guo Huan, the household servant, colluded with Li Yu of the Beiping Chengxuan Political Envoy Department and Zhao Dequan of the Prosecution Department to engage in favoritism and malpractice together. 】

[Zhu Yuanzhang was born in a poor family and experienced the corrupt rule in the last years of the Yuan Dynasty, and his parents starved to death because of it. 】

[Therefore, he hated these corrupt officials very much.] 】

[After receiving the report, he immediately ordered Dali Temple to investigate strictly, and wanted to find out for me. 】

[Unexpectedly, the results of the subsequent investigation made Zhu Yuanzhang stunned, and then he was furious!]

[Because the largest corruption case in the history of the Ming Dynasty was investigated, the number of embezzlements is shocking, unprecedented, and rare!]

[Guo Huan was a household servant at that time. 】

[The household department is an important department of the imperial court, responsible for tax allocation, household registration of the people, and so on. 】

[The head of the household department is called Shangshu, which is equivalent to the minister, the deputy is the squire, which is equivalent to the deputy minister, and Guo Huan is the deputy minister of the household department, with great power. 】

[After the corruption case was exposed, Guo Huan and others were arrested. 】

[The interrogation process is very simple, Guo Huan and the others are not tough guys, they are all recruited when they are arrested. 】

[In the investigation report, it was shown that Guo Huan took advantage of his position to collude with Li Yu, Zhao Dequan and others to deceive superiors and subordinates, and colluded with each other to embezzle state salaries. 】

[The specific crimes are:]

[1. Embezzling taxes in Taiping, Zhenjiang and other places. 】

[According to the regulations, the taxes in these places should go to the treasury, but the treasury did not receive them, and these taxes were all embezzled and distributed by Guo Huan and others. 】

[2. Privately embezzle the grain handed over by the Zhejiang River. 】

[Zhejiang is a large grain-producing province, and it has to hand over grain to the state every year, and it should have paid more than 4 million stone of grain, considering that this is a tax in kind, and all interception will arouse suspicion, so Guo Huanzhi swallowed half and handed over the other half. 】

[3. Clever name. 】

[Borrowing the name of the country and him Zhu Yuanzhang to set up all kinds of harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes, what water foot money, food money, etc., of course, these money will not be handed over to Zhu Yuanzhang, all into the pockets of Guo Huan and others. 】

[Taken together, Guo Huan and others embezzled nearly 24 million stone of grain. 】

[Equivalent to half of the annual fiscal revenue of the Ming Dynasty!]

[And it turns out that Guo Huan has not done this for the past two years, but has been going on for several years. 】

[And Zhu Yuanzhang didn't notice it at all. 】

[Zhu Yuanzhang was angry, this Guo Huan really didn't take himself into account, and he dared to be so corrupt, doesn't this mean that he directly moved money from the treasury 050 blatantly?]

[And Zhu Yuanzhang thinks that such a big corruption case can never be done by Guo Huan and these people. 】

[Just these few people are never so bold as to dare to embezzle so much money and food, if no one else participates, let alone so much, even if they embezzle a grain of grain, they will be reported immediately. 】

[He ordered Jinyiwei to investigate, and instructed an official named Wu Yong to check for me. 】

[Look at this corruption case, who else is behind it?]

[Wu Yongzhen named him by name, this person is really not a mediocre person. 】

[After his efforts and the help of Jin Yiwei, as Zhu Yuanzhang expected, this corruption is really not only Guo Huan!]

[I really don't know how Guo Huan did it?]

[He has almost turned the officials of the entire Ming officialdom into his own comrades, and almost all the officials of the officialdom have been implicated!]

[This made Zhu Yuanzhang very angry. 】

[Good guy goes on like this, Guo Huan becomes the emperor, and he has to stand aside!]

[These officials really disregard their favors in vain, and they dare to treat themselves like this!]

[So he decided to clean up the officials while cracking down on corruption!]

[Zhu Yuanzhang opened the butcher's knife again. 】

【...】。